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Immunobiology and Immunotherapy

Section edited by Alessandra Cesano

The Immunobiology and Immunotherapy section aims to enrich the communication between basic biological and immunological sciences and the clinical investigation arena.

As immunology has evolved to be a central discipline connected to a wide range of therapeutic areas, the number and diversity of platform technologies has also increased, spanning small molecules, biologics, microbial vectors and cells. Such levels of activity require appropriate means to share new knowledge and to catalyze the development of the field. This section aims to provide such a platform and welcomes submissions across all disciplines, including inflammation, autoimmunity, transplantation, metabolic disorders.

The section was founded with the Society for Immunotherapy of Cancer (SITC) under the title "Tumor immunology and biological cancer therapy" and Pedro Romero was the founding Section Editor.

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  1. Inflammation is a key etiologic component in atherogenesis and transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGFβ1) is a well known anti-inflammatory cytokine which potentially might be used to limit it. Yet TGFβ1 is ple...

    Authors: Hongqing Zhu, Maohua Cao, Jose A Figueroa, Everado Cobos, Barry F Uretsky, Maurizio Chiriva-Internati and Paul L Hermonat
    Citation: Journal of Translational Medicine 2014 12:252
    Content type: Research Published on:

  2. Coexpression of CD160 and PD-1 on HIV-specific CD8+ T-cells defines a highly exhausted T-cell subset. CD160 binds to Herpes Virus Entry Mediator (HVEM) and blocking this interaction with HVEM antibodies reverses ...

    Authors: Mohamed El-Far, Charles Pellerin, Louise Pilote, Jean-Francois Fortin, Ivan A D Lessard, Yoav Peretz, Elizabeth Wardrop, Patrick Salois, Richard C Bethell, Michael G Cordingley and George Kukolj
    Citation: Journal of Translational Medicine 2014 12:217
    Content type: Research Published on:

  4. NKT cells play a protective role in ischemia reperfusion (IR) injury, of which the trafficking in the body and recruitment in injured organs can be influenced by immunosuppressive therapy. Therefore, we invest...

    Authors: Chao Zhang, Long Zheng, Long Li, Lingyan Wang, Liping Li, Shang Huang, Chenli Gu, Lexi Zhang, Cheng Yang, Tongyu Zhu and Ruiming Rong
    Citation: Journal of Translational Medicine 2014 12:224
    Content type: Research Published on:

  5. CIK cells therapy has been evaluated as an adoptive cell immunotherapy for cancer patients, but there still have not been any standardized systems for evaluating the antitumor efficacy yet. The WHO and RECIST ...

    Authors: Xiao-Dong Li, Mei Ji, Xiao Zheng, Zhong-Hua Ning, Jun Wu, Binfeng Lu, Chang-Ping Wu and Jing-Ting Jiang
    Citation: Journal of Translational Medicine 2014 12:215
    Content type: Review Published on:

  6. Recently, regulatory T (Treg) cells have gained interest in the fields of immunopathology, transplantation and oncoimmunology. Here, we investigated the microRNA expression profile of human natural CD8+CD25+ Treg...

    Authors: Fadi Jebbawi, Hussein Fayyad-Kazan, Makram Merimi, Philippe Lewalle, Jean-Christophe Verougstraete, Oberdan Leo, Pedro Romero, Arsene Burny, Bassam Badran, Philippe Martiat and Redouane Rouas
    Citation: Journal of Translational Medicine 2014 12:218
    Content type: Research Published on:

  7. Therapeutic idiotypic (Id) vaccination is an experimental treatment for selected B cell malignancies. A broader use of Id-based vaccination, however, is hampered by the complexity and costs due to the individu...

    Authors: Pier Adelchi Ruffini, Audun Os, Riccardo Dolcetti, Geir E Tjønnfjord, Ludvig A Munthe and Bjarne Bogen
    Citation: Journal of Translational Medicine 2014 12:207
    Content type: Research Published on:

  8. Ipilimumab is an antagonistic monoclonal antibody against cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen-4 (CTLA-4) that enhances antitumor immunity by inhibiting immunosuppressive activity of regulatory T cells (Treg). In th...

    Authors: Hiroshi Yano, Archana Thakur, Elyse N Tomaszewski, Minsig Choi, Abhinav Deol and Lawrence G Lum
    Citation: Journal of Translational Medicine 2014 12:191
    Content type: Research Published on:

  9. Non-traditional CD4+CD25–CD69+ T cells were found to be involved in disease progression in tumor-bearing mouse models and cancer patients recently. We attempted to define whether this subset of T cells were re...

    Authors: Xiao-su Zhao, Xu-hua Wang, Xiang-yu Zhao, Ying-jun Chang, Lan-ping Xu, Xiao-hui Zhang and Xiao-jun Huang
    Citation: Journal of Translational Medicine 2014 12:187
    Content type: Research Published on:

  10. Therapeutic hypothermia is a treatment modality that is increasingly used to improve clinical neurological outcomes for ischemia-reperfusion injury-mediated diseases. Antibody-initiated classical complement pa...

    Authors: Tushar A Shah, Clifford T Mauriello, Pamela S Hair, Amandeep Sandhu, Michael P Stolz, William Thomas Bass, Neel K Krishna and Kenji M Cunnion
    Citation: Journal of Translational Medicine 2014 12:181
    Content type: Research Published on:

  11. BID functions as a bridge molecule between death-receptor and mitochondrial related apoptotic pathways to amplify apoptotic signaling. Our previous studies have demonstrated a substantial increase in BID expre...

    Authors: Su He Wang, Yongyi Fan and James R Baker Jr
    Citation: Journal of Translational Medicine 2014 12:180
    Content type: Research Published on:

  12. The inflammatory marker, C reactive protein has been proposed to also be a biomarker for adaptive immune responses in cancer patients with a possible application in time based chemotherapy. Fluxes in serum CRP...

    Authors: Mutsa T Madondo, Sandra Tuyaerts, Brit B Turnbull, Anke Vanderstraeten, Holbrook Kohrt, Balasubramanian Narasimhan, Frederic Amant, Michael Quinn and Magdalena Plebanski
    Citation: Journal of Translational Medicine 2014 12:179
    Content type: Research Published on:

  13. Single-cell network profiling (SCNP) is a multiparametric flow cytometry-based approach that simultaneously measures evoked signaling in multiple cell subsets. Previously, using the SCNP approach, age-associat...

    Authors: Diane M Longo, Brent Louie, Jason Ptacek, Greg Friedland, Erik Evensen, Santosh Putta, Michelle Atallah, David Spellmeyer, Ena Wang, Zoltan Pos, Francesco M Marincola, Andrea Schaeffer, Suzanne Lukac, Radha Railkar, Chan R Beals, Alessandra Cesano…
    Citation: Journal of Translational Medicine 2014 12:178
    Content type: Research Published on:

  14. We previously reported the clinical efficacy of adoptive immunotherapy (AIT) with dendritic cells (DCs) pulsed with mucin 1 (MUC1) peptide and cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs). We also reported that gemcitabine ...

    Authors: Yoshitaro Shindo, Shoichi Hazama, Yoshinari Maeda, Hiroto Matsui, Michihisa Iida, Nobuaki Suzuki, Kiyoshi Yoshimura, Tomio Ueno, Shigefumi Yoshino, Kohei Sakai, Yutaka Suehiro, Takahiro Yamasaki, Yuji Hinoda and Masaaki Oka
    Citation: Journal of Translational Medicine 2014 12:175
    Content type: Research Published on:

  15. Sarcoidosis is a chronic inflammatory disease with a systemic granulomatous disorder affecting multiple organs including the eye. Both CD4+ T cell and macrophage have been linked to the pathogenesis of the diseas...

    Authors: Wenting Wu, Ming Jin, Yujuan Wang, Baoying Liu, Defen Shen, Ping Chen, Susan Hannes, Zhiyu Li, Sima Hirani, Shayma Jawad, H Nida Sen, Chi-Chao Chan, Robert B Nussenblatt and Lai Wei
    Citation: Journal of Translational Medicine 2014 12:152
    Content type: Research Published on:

  16. The importance of B7-H molecules for the T cell/tumor communication and its impact on renal cell carcinoma (RCC) progression and prognosis has been recently described. Cytokine treatment of RCC has earlier bee...

    Authors: Dagmar Quandt, Simon Jasinski-Bergner, Ulrike Müller, Bianca Schulze and Barbara Seliger
    Citation: Journal of Translational Medicine 2014 12:151
    Content type: Research Published on:

  17. Sepsis causes high mortality, and the mortality due to secondary infections is even higher. No studies to date have investigated the time from the primary infection to death due to a secondary infection; simil...

    Authors: Tsai-Hsia Hong, Chin-Hao Chang, Wen-Je Ko, Ching-Feng Lin, Heng-Hsiu Liu, Lu-Ping Chow, Chun-Ta Huang, Sun-Liang Yu and Yih-Sharng Chen
    Citation: Journal of Translational Medicine 2014 12:146
    Content type: Research Published on:

  19. It has been recently proposed that nanomaterials, alone or in concert with their specific biomolecular conjugates, can be used to directly modulate the immune system, therefore offering a new tool for the enha...

    Authors: Marco Orecchioni, Davide Bedognetti, Francesco Sgarrella, Francesco M Marincola, Alberto Bianco and Lucia Gemma Delogu
    Citation: Journal of Translational Medicine 2014 12:138
    Content type: Review Published on:

  20. Although Toxoplasma gondii infection is normally asymptomatic, severe cases of toxoplasmosis may occur in immunosuppressed patients or congenitally infected newborns. When a fetal infection is established, the re...

    Authors: Letícia S Castro-Filice, Bellisa F Barbosa, Mariana B Angeloni, Neide M Silva, Angelica O Gomes, Celene M O S Alves, Deise A O Silva, Olindo A Martins-Filho, Maria C Santos, José R Mineo and Eloisa A V Ferro
    Citation: Journal of Translational Medicine 2014 12:132
    Content type: Research Published on:

  21. The antitumor activity induced by intratumoral vaccination with poxvirus expressing a tumor antigen was shown to be superior to that induced by subcutaneous vaccination. Salivary gland carcinomas overexpress E...

    Authors: Laura Masuelli, Massimo Fantini, Monica Benvenuto, Pamela Sacchetti, Maria Gabriella Giganti, Ilaria Tresoldi, Paolo Lido, Florigio Lista, Federica Cavallo, Patrizia Nanni, Jeffrey Schlom, Andrea Modesti and Roberto Bei
    Citation: Journal of Translational Medicine 2014 12:122
    Content type: Research Published on:

  22. Ipilimumab improves survival in patients with advanced melanoma. The activity and safety of ipilimumab outside of a clinical trial was assessed in an expanded access programme (EAP).

    Authors: Paolo A Ascierto, Ester Simeone, Vanna Chiarion Sileni, Jacopo Pigozzo, Michele Maio, Maresa Altomonte, Michele Del Vecchio, Lorenza Di Guardo, Paolo Marchetti, Ruggero Ridolfi, Francesco Cognetti, Alessandro Testori, Maria Grazia Bernengo, Michele Guida, Riccardo Marconcini, Mario Mandalà…
    Citation: Journal of Translational Medicine 2014 12:116
    Content type: Research Published on:

  23. High-dose IL-2 (HDIL2) is approved for the treatment of metastatic melanoma and renal cell carcinoma, but its use is limited in part by toxicity related to the development of vascular leak syndrome (VLS). Ther...

    Authors: Dae Won Kim, Andrew Zloza, Joseph Broucek, Jason M Schenkel, Carl Ruby, Georges Samaha and Howard L Kaufman
    Citation: Journal of Translational Medicine 2014 12:113
    Content type: Research Published on:

  24. Receptor-binding cancer antigen expressed on SiSo cell (RCAS1) is derived from uterine adenocarcinoma and can induce apoptosis in lymphocytes, allowing tumor cells to escape from immune surveillance. RCAS1 is ...

    Authors: Hideaki Tanaka, Takeshi Toyoshima, Kenzo Sonoda, Ryoji Kitamura, Masaaki Sasaguri, Shintaro Kawano, Ryota Matsubara, Yuichi Goto and Seiji Nakamura
    Citation: Journal of Translational Medicine 2014 12:112
    Content type: Research Published on:

  25. We previously conducted a phase I trial for advanced colorectal cancer (CRC) using five HLA-A*2402-restricted peptides, three derived from oncoantigens and two from vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) re...

    Authors: Shoichi Hazama, Yusuke Nakamura, Hiroaki Tanaka, Kosei Hirakawa, Ko Tahara, Ryoichi Shimizu, Hiroaki Ozasa, Ryuichi Etoh, Fumiaki Sugiura, Kiyotaka Okuno, Takumi Furuya, Taku Nishimura, Koichiro Sakata, Kazuhiko Yoshimatsu, Hiroko Takenouchi, Ryouichi Tsunedomi…
    Citation: Journal of Translational Medicine 2014 12:108
    Content type: Research Published on:

  26. Glioblastoma remains a lethal diagnosis with a 5-year survival rate of less than 10%. (NEJM 352:987-96, 2005) Although immunotherapy-based approaches are capable of inducing detectable immune responses against...

    Authors: Taemin Oh, Shayan Fakurnejad, Eli T Sayegh, Aaron J Clark, Michael E Ivan, Matthew Z Sun, Michael Safaee, Orin Bloch, Charles D James and Andrew T Parsa
    Citation: Journal of Translational Medicine 2014 12:107
    Content type: Review Published on:

  27. Autophagy regulates innate and adaptive immune responses to pathogens and tumors. We have reported that autophagosomes derived from tumor cells after proteasome inhibition, DRibbles (Defective ribosomal produc...

    Authors: Wei Ye, Yun Xing, Christopher Paustian, Rieneke van de Ven, Tarsem Moudgil, Traci L Hilton, Bernard A Fox, Walter J Urba, Wei Zhao and Hong-Ming Hu
    Citation: Journal of Translational Medicine 2014 12:100
    Content type: Research Published on:

  28. Infections which complicate rheumatic diseases such as Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) and Spondyloarthropathy (SpA) (Psoriatic Arthritis [PA] and Ankylosing Spondylitis [AS]), may cause significant morbidity and mo...

    Authors: Valentina Germano, Maria Sofia Cattaruzza, John Osborn, Aurora Tarantino, Roberta Di Rosa, Simonetta Salemi and Raffaele D’Amelio
    Citation: Journal of Translational Medicine 2014 12:77
    Content type: Research Published on:

  29. Interleukin-37 (IL-37), a new member of IL-1 family cytokine, is recently identified as a natural inhibitor of innate immunity. This study aimed to measure the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and se...

    Authors: Liang Ye, Ling Ji, Zhongyang Wen, Yanfei Zhou, Dongsheng Hu, Yanqun Li, Ting Yu, Bingni Chen, Jinshun Zhang, Liping Ding, Jing Du and Zhong Huang
    Citation: Journal of Translational Medicine 2014 12:69
    Content type: Research Published on:

  30. To evaluate the safety of combination vaccine treatment of multiple peptides, phase I clinical trial was conducted for patients with advanced colorectal cancer using five novel HLA-A*2402-restricted peptides, ...

    Authors: Shoichi Hazama, Yusuke Nakamura, Hiroko Takenouchi, Nobuaki Suzuki, Ryouichi Tsunedomi, Yuka Inoue, Yoshihiro Tokuhisa, Norio Iizuka, Shigefumi Yoshino, Kazuyoshi Takeda, Hirokazu Shinozaki, Akira Kamiya, Hiroyuki Furukawa and Masaaki Oka
    Citation: Journal of Translational Medicine 2014 12:63
    Content type: Research Published on:

  31. The prognosis of patients with advanced biliary tract cancer (BTC) is extremely poor and only a few standard treatments are available for this condition. We performed a phase I trial to investigate the safety,...

    Authors: Atsushi Aruga, Nobuhiro Takeshita, Yoshihito Kotera, Ryuji Okuyama, Norimasa Matsushita, Takehiro Ohta, Kazuyoshi Takeda and Masakazu Yamamoto
    Citation: Journal of Translational Medicine 2014 12:61
    Content type: Research Published on:

  32. Mutant Ras oncogenes produce proteins that are unique to cancer cells and represent attractive targets for vaccine therapy. We have shown previously that vaccinating cancer patients with mutant ras peptides is fe...

    Authors: Osama E Rahma, J Michael Hamilton, Malgorzata Wojtowicz, Omar Dakheel, Sarah Bernstein, David J Liewehr, Seth M Steinberg and Samir N Khleif
    Citation: Journal of Translational Medicine 2014 12:55
    Content type: Research Published on:

  33. Tumor Associated Antigens are characterized by spontaneous immune response in cancer patients as a consequence of overexpression and epitope-presentation on MHC class I/II machinery. Matrix Metalloprotease 11 ...

    Authors: Giuseppe Roscilli, Manuela Cappelletti, Claudia De Vitis, Gennaro Ciliberto, Arianna Di Napoli, Luigi Ruco, Rita Mancini and Luigi Aurisicchio
    Citation: Journal of Translational Medicine 2014 12:54
    Content type: Research Published on:

  34. Regulatory T cells (Treg) protect kidney against ischemia reperfusion (IR) injury via suppressing innate immunity, but the mechanism has not been fully clarified. Soluble fibrinogen-like protein 2 (sFGL2), a n...

    Authors: Zitong Zhao, Cheng Yang, Long Li, Tian Zhao, Lingyan Wang, Ruiming Rong, Bin Yang, Ming Xu and Tongyu Zhu
    Citation: Journal of Translational Medicine 2014 12:53
    Content type: Research Published on:

  35. Epidemiological evidence confirmed that raw cow’s milk consumption in the first year of life protects against the development of atopic diseases and increases the number of regulatory T-cells (Tregs). However,...

    Authors: Bodo C Melnik, Swen Malte John and Gerd Schmitz
    Citation: Journal of Translational Medicine 2014 12:43
    Content type: Review Published on:

  36. The coinhibitory receptor Programmed Death-1 (PD-1) inhibits effector functions of activated T cells and prevents autoimmunity, however, cancer hijack this pathway to escape from immune attack. The costimulato...

    Authors: Lei Lu, Xiaobing Xu, Bin Zhang, Rongsheng Zhang, Hongzan Ji and Xuan Wang
    Citation: Journal of Translational Medicine 2014 12:36
    Content type: Research Published on:

  37. T regulatory cell (Treg) plays a critical role in respiratory allergy and allergen-specific immunotherapy (SIT), and γδ T cells might participate in mediating Treg quantity and/or function in some immunologica...

    Authors: Rui Zheng, Xiuli Wu, Xuekun Huang, Yulian Chen, Qintai Yang, Yangqiu Li and Gehua Zhang
    Citation: Journal of Translational Medicine 2014 12:24
    Content type: Research Published on:

  38. Mixed cryoglobulinemia (MC) is a HCV-related lymphoproliferative disorder generally associated with advanced liver disease. Liver stiffness has been significantly correlated with histopathological stage of fib...

    Authors: Cristina Stasi, Elisa Triboli, Umberto Arena, Teresa Urraro, Antonio Petrarca, Laura Gragnani, Giacomo Laffi and Anna Linda Zignego
    Citation: Journal of Translational Medicine 2014 12:21
    Content type: Research Published on:

  39. Monoclonal antibodies (mAb), such as trastuzumab are a valuable addition to breast cancer therapy. Data obtained from neoadjuvant settings revealed that antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) is ...

    Authors: Branka Petricevic, Johannes Laengle, Josef Singer, Monika Sachet, Judit Fazekas, Guenther Steger, Rupert Bartsch, Erika Jensen-Jarolim and Michael Bergmann
    Citation: Journal of Translational Medicine 2013 11:307
    Content type: Research Published on:

  40. Heat shock proteins (HSPs) are capable of promoting antigen presentation of chaperoned peptides through interactions with receptors on antigen presenting cells. This property of HSPs suggests a potential funct...

    Authors: Juhong Jiang, Dan Xie, Wenmin Zhang, Gang Xiao and Jianming Wen
    Citation: Journal of Translational Medicine 2013 11:300
    Content type: Research Published on:

  41. For thousands of years, it remains unclear why Chinese prefer complex herbal remedy and seldom try to purify it. One of the reasons is that they believe Chinese herbs compared to Western drugs are relatively l...

    Authors: Ling-Jun Ho, Wen-Liang Chang, Ann Chen, Ping Chao and Jenn-Haung Lai
    Citation: Journal of Translational Medicine 2013 11:294
    Content type: Research Published on:

  42. We previously developed an immunotherapy treatment utilizing a cancer vaccine reagent KIF20A-66 in order to treat pancreatic cancer. KIF20A-66 is HLA-A24-restricted epitope peptide derived from KIF20A, a membe...

    Authors: Shingo Asahara, Kazuyoshi Takeda, Kenji Yamao, Hiroyuki Maguchi and Hiroki Yamaue
    Citation: Journal of Translational Medicine 2013 11:291
    Content type: Research Published on:

  43. The capacity of patient’s Natural Killer cells (NKs) to be activated for cytolysis is an important prerequisite for the success of antibody-derived agents such as single-chain triplebodies (triplebodies) in ca...

    Authors: Todd A Braciak, Sarah Wildenhain, Claudia C Roskopf, Ingo A Schubert, Georg H Fey, Uwe Jacob, Karl-Peter Hopfner and Fuat S Oduncu
    Citation: Journal of Translational Medicine 2013 11:289
    Content type: Research Published on:

  44. Both apoptosis and autoantibodies are important factors associated with disease activity in the pathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). This study tested the hypothesis that increased leukocyte apo...

    Authors: Yu-Jih Su, Tien-Tsai Cheng, Chung-Jen Chen, Wen-Chan Chiu, Chung-Yuan Hsu, Wen-Neng Chang, Nai-Wen Tsai, Chia-Te Kung, Hung-Chen Wang, Wei-Che Lin, Chih-Cheng Huang, Ya-Ting Chang, Chih-Min Su, Yi-Fang Chiang, Ben-Chung Cheng, Yu-Jun Lin…
    Citation: Journal of Translational Medicine 2013 11:261
    Content type: Research Published on:

  45. HLA abnormalities on tumour cells for immune escape have been widely described. In addition, cellular components of the tumour microenvironment, in particular myeloid derived suppressor cells (MDSC) and altern...

    Authors: Maddalena Marchesi, Emilia Andersson, Lisa Villabona, Barbara Seliger, Andreas Lundqvist, Rolf Kiessling and Giuseppe V Masucci
    Citation: Journal of Translational Medicine 2013 11:247
    Content type: Review Published on:

  46. Cholesteryl pullulan (CHP) is a novel antigen delivery system for cancer vaccines. This study evaluated the safety, immune responses and clinical outcomes of patients who received the CHP-NY-ESO-1 complex vacc...

    Authors: Shinichi Kageyama, Hisashi Wada, Kei Muro, Yasumasa Niwa, Shugo Ueda, Hiroshi Miyata, Shuji Takiguchi, Sahoko H Sugino, Yoshihiro Miyahara, Hiroaki Ikeda, Naoko Imai, Eiichi Sato, Tomomi Yamada, Masaharu Osako, Mami Ohnishi, Naozumi Harada…
    Citation: Journal of Translational Medicine 2013 11:246
    Content type: Research Published on:

  47. As organ shortage is increasing, the acceptance of marginal donors increases, which might result in poor organ function and patient survival. Mostly, organ damage is caused during brain death (BD), cold ischem...

    Authors: Philipp Stiegler, Michael Sereinigg, Andreas Puntschart, Andrea Bradatsch, Thomas Seifert-Held, Iris Wiederstein-Grasser, Bettina Leber, Elke Stadelmeyer, Nadia Dandachi, Siglinde Zelzer, Florian Iberer and Vanessa Stadlbauer
    Citation: Journal of Translational Medicine 2013 11:244
    Content type: Research Published on:

  48. Dendritic cells (DCs) are important mediators of anti-tumor immune responses. We hypothesized that an in-depth analysis of dendritic cells and their spatial relationships to each other as well as to other immu...

    Authors: Andrew Y Chang, Nupur Bhattacharya, Jian Mu, A Francesca Setiadi, Valeria Carcamo-Cavazos, Gerald H Lee, Diana L Simons, Sina Yadegarynia, Kaveh Hemati, Adam Kapelner, Zheng Ming, David N Krag, Erich J Schwartz, Danny Z Chen and Peter P Lee
    Citation: Journal of Translational Medicine 2013 11:242
    Content type: Research Published on:

  49. In this study, we developed a pharmacokinetic (PK)- pharmacodynamic (PD) model of a new sustained release formulation of interferon-α-2a (SR-IFN-α) using the blood concentration of IFN-α and neopterin in order...

    Authors: Sangil Jeon, Jae-Hyeon Juhn, Seunghoon Han, Jongtae Lee, Taegon Hong, Jeongki Paek and Dong-Seok Yim
    Citation: Journal of Translational Medicine 2013 11:240
    Content type: Research Published on:

  50. Azathiopurine (AZA) is efficacious for maintenance remission of Crohn’s disease (CD) at the standard dose of 2.0-2.5 mg/kg for Caucasian. It has been reported that the lower dose (1.0-2.0 mg/kg) in some Asian ...

    Authors: Jianghong Wu, Yan Gao, Chuanhua Yang, Xueqing Yang, Xuhang Li and Shudong Xiao
    Citation: Journal of Translational Medicine 2013 11:235
    Content type: Research Published on:
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