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Immunobiology and Immunotherapy

Section edited by Alessandra Cesano

The Immunobiology and Immunotherapy section aims to enrich the communication between basic biological and immunological sciences and the clinical investigation arena.

As immunology has evolved to be a central discipline connected to a wide range of therapeutic areas, the number and diversity of platform technologies has also increased, spanning small molecules, biologics, microbial vectors and cells. Such levels of activity require appropriate means to share new knowledge and to catalyze the development of the field. This section aims to provide such a platform and welcomes submissions across all disciplines, including inflammation, autoimmunity, transplantation, metabolic disorders.

The section was founded with the Society for Immunotherapy of Cancer (SITC) under the title "Tumor immunology and biological cancer therapy" and Pedro Romero was the founding Section Editor.

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  1. Adoptive cell transfer of tumor infiltrating lymphocytes has shown clinical efficacy in the treatment of melanoma and is now also being explored in other tumor types. Generation of sufficient numbers of effect...

    Authors: Saskia JAM Santegoets, Annelies W Turksma, Megan M Suhoski, Anita GM Stam, Steve M Albelda, Erik Hooijberg, Rik J Scheper, Alfons JM van den Eertwegh, Winald R Gerritsen, Daniel J Powell Jr, Carl H June and Tanja D de Gruijl
    Citation: Journal of Translational Medicine 2013 11:37
    Content type: Research Published on:

  2. Hirsutanol A is a novel sesquiterpene compound purified from fungus Chondrostereum sp. in Sarcophyton tortuosum. Our previous studies had demonstrated that hirsutanol A exhibited potent cytotoxic effect on many k...

    Authors: Fen Yang, Wen-Dan Chen, Rong Deng, Hui Zhang, Jun Tang, Ke-Wei Wu, Dan-Dan Li, Gong-Kan Feng, Wen-Jian Lan, Hou-Jin Li and Xiao-Feng Zhu
    Citation: Journal of Translational Medicine 2013 11:32
    Content type: Research Published on:

  3. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small (19-22-nt) single-stranded noncoding RNA molecules whose deregulation of expression can contribute to human disease including the multistep processes of carcinogenesis in human. Ci...

    Authors: Hussein Fayyad-Kazan, Nizar Bitar, Mehdi Najar, Philippe Lewalle, Mohammad Fayyad-Kazan, Rabih Badran, Eva Hamade, Ahmad Daher, Nader Hussein, Rim ELDirani, Fadwa Berri, Luc Vanhamme, Arsène Burny, Philippe Martiat, Redouane Rouas and Bassam Badran
    Citation: Journal of Translational Medicine 2013 11:31
    Content type: Research Published on:

  4. Natural Killer (NK) cells are known to reject several experimental murine tumors, but their antineoplastic activity in humans is not generally agreed upon, as exemplified by an interesting correspondence recen...

    Authors: Doriana Fruci, Elisa Lo Monaco, Loredana Cifaldi, Franco Locatelli, Elisa Tremante, Maria Benevolo and Patrizio Giacomini
    Citation: Journal of Translational Medicine 2013 11:30
    Content type: Commentary Published on:

  5. Chimeric Antigen Receptors (CARs) consist of the antigen-recognition portion of a monoclonal antibody fused to an intracellular signaling domain capable of activating T-cells. CARs displayed on the surface of ...

    Authors: Satiro N De Oliveira, Jiexin Wang, Christine Ryan, Sherie L Morrison, Donald B Kohn and Roger P Hollis
    Citation: Journal of Translational Medicine 2013 11:23
    Content type: Methodology Published on:

  6. EMD 521873 (Selectikine or NHS-IL2LT) is a fusion protein consisting of modified human IL-2 which binds specifically to the high-affinity IL-2 receptor, and an antibody specific for both single- and double-str...

    Authors: Julien Laurent, Cedric Touvrey, Silke Gillessen, Magali Joffraud, Manuela Vicari, Caroline Bertrand, Stefano Ongarello, Bernd Liedert, Elisa Gallerani, Joachim Beck, Aurelius Omlin, Cristiana Sessa, Sonia Quaratino, Roger Stupp, Ulrike S Gnad-Vogt and Daniel E Speiser
    Citation: Journal of Translational Medicine 2013 11:5
    Content type: Research Published on:

  8. Multiple myeloma (MM) is a plasma cell malignancy with a multifaceted immune dysfunction. Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) degrades tryptophan into kynurenine (KYN), which inhibits effector T cells and pro...

    Authors: Giuseppina Bonanno, Andrea Mariotti, Annabella Procoli, Valentina Folgiero, Daniela Natale, Luca De Rosa, Ignazio Majolino, Linda Novarese, Alberto Rocci, Manuela Gambella, Marilena Ciciarello, Giovanni Scambia, Antonio Palumbo, Franco Locatelli, Raimondo De Cristofaro and Sergio Rutella
    Citation: Journal of Translational Medicine 2012 10:247
    Content type: Research Published on:

  9. Multiple farnesylated proteins are involved in signal transduction in cancer. Farnesyltransferase inhibitors (FTIs) have been developed as a strategy to inhibit the function of these proteins. As FTIs inhibit ...

    Authors: Thomas F Gajewski, April KS Salama, Donna Niedzwiecki, Jeffrey Johnson, Gerald Linette, Cynthia Bucher, Michelle A Blaskovich, Said M Sebti and Frank Haluska
    Citation: Journal of Translational Medicine 2012 10:246
    Content type: Research Published on:

  10. CTLA4 blocking monoclonal antibodies provide a low frequency but durable tumor responses in patients with metastatic melanoma, which led to the regulatory approval of ipilimumab based on two randomized clinica...

    Authors: Antoni Ribas, Jason A Chesney, Michael S Gordon, Amy P Abernethy, Theodore F Logan, David H Lawson, Bartosz Chmielowksi, John A Glaspy, Karl Lewis, Bo Huang, Erjian Wang, Poe-Hirr Hsyu, Jesus Gomez-Navarro, Diana Gerhardt, Margaret A Marshall and Rene Gonzalez
    Citation: Journal of Translational Medicine 2012 10:236
    Content type: Research Published on:

  11. Anti-EGFR monoclonal antibodies have shown efficacy in the treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC). One of the mechanism is the antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) in which Fc region ...

    Authors: Rosa Calemma, Alessandro Ottaiano, Anna Maria Trotta, Guglielmo Nasti, Carmela Romano, Maria Napolitano, Domenico Galati, Pasquale Borrelli, Serena Zanotta, Antonino Cassata, Giuseppe Castello, Vincenzo Rosario Iaffaioli and Stefania Scala
    Citation: Journal of Translational Medicine 2012 10:232
    Content type: Research Published on:

  12. High-intensity focused-ultrasound (HIFU) has been successfully employed for thermal ablation of tumors in clinical settings. Continuous- or pulsed-mode HIFU may also induce a host antitumor immune response, ma...

    Authors: Hao-Li Liu, Han-Yi Hsieh, Li-An Lu, Chiao-Wen Kang, Ming-Fang Wu and Chun-Yen Lin
    Citation: Journal of Translational Medicine 2012 10:221
    Content type: Research Published on:

  13. Trifunctional bispecific antibodies (trAb) are a special class of bispecific molecules recruiting and activating T cells and accessory immune cells simultaneously at the targeted tumor. The new trAb Ektomab th...

    Authors: Peter Ruf, Beatrix Schäfer, Nina Eissler, Ralph Mocikat, Juergen Hess, Matthias Plöscher, Susanne Wosch, Ivonne Suckstorff, Christine Zehetmeier and Horst Lindhofer
    Citation: Journal of Translational Medicine 2012 10:219
    Content type: Research Published on:

  14. Trastuzumab is currently approved for the clinical treatment of breast and gastric cancer patients with HER-2 positive tumors, but not yet for the treatment of esophageal carcinoma patients, whose tumors typic...

    Authors: Xianhua Wu, Jingchuan Zhang, Ruheng Zhen, Jing Lv, Li Zheng, Xinying Su, Guanshan Zhu, Paul R Gavine, Songtao Xu, Shaohua Lu, Jun Hou, Yalan Liu, Chen Xu, Yunshan Tan, Liang Xie, Xiaolu Yin…
    Citation: Journal of Translational Medicine 2012 10:180
    Content type: Research Published on:

  15. Adoptive cell therapy may be based on isolation of tumor-specific T cells, e.g. autologous tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL), in vitro activation and expansion and the reinfusion of these cells into patient...

    Authors: Eva Ellebaek, Trine Zeeberg Iversen, Niels Junker, Marco Donia, Lotte Engell-Noerregaard, Özcan Met, Lisbet Rosenkrantz Hölmich, Rikke Sick Andersen, Sine Reker Hadrup, Mads Hald Andersen, Per thor Straten and Inge Marie Svane
    Citation: Journal of Translational Medicine 2012 10:169
    Content type: Research Published on:

  16. DepoVaxTM is a novel non-emulsion depot-forming vaccine platform with the capacity to significantly enhance the immunogenicity of peptide cancer antigens. Naturally processed HLA-A2 restricted peptides presented ...

    Authors: Neil L Berinstein, Mohan Karkada, Michael A Morse, John J Nemunaitis, Gurkamal Chatta, Howard Kaufman, Kunle Odunsi, Rita Nigam, Leeladhar Sammatur, Lisa D MacDonald, Genevieve M Weir, Marianne M Stanford and Marc Mansour
    Citation: Journal of Translational Medicine 2012 10:156
    Content type: Research Published on:

  17. Present immunoprevention and immunotherapeutic approaches against cancer suffer from the limitation of being not “sterilizing” procedures, as very poor protection against the tumor is obtained. Thus newly conc...

    Authors: Roberto S Accolla and Giovanna Tosi
    Citation: Journal of Translational Medicine 2012 10:154
    Content type: Review Published on:

  18. Myeloid-derived Suppressor Cells (MDSC) have been identified as tumor-induced immature myeloid cells (IMC) with potent immune suppressive activity in cancer. Whereas strict phenotypic classification of MDSC ha...

    Authors: Lauren P Virtuoso, Jamie L Harden, Paula Sotomayor, Wade J Sigurdson, Fuminobu Yoshimura, Nejat K Egilmez, Boris Minev and Mehmet O Kilinc
    Citation: Journal of Translational Medicine 2012 10:152
    Content type: Research Published on:

  19. Since a phase I clinical trial using three HLA-A24-binding peptides from TTK protein kinase (TTK), lymphocyte antigen-6 complex locus K (LY6K), and insulin-like growth factor-II mRNA binding protein-3 (IMP3) h...

    Authors: Koji Kono, Hisae Iinuma, Yasunori Akutsu, Hiroaki Tanaka, Naoko Hayashi, Yasuto Uchikado, Tsuyoshi Noguchi, Hideki Fujii, Kota Okinaka, Ryoji Fukushima, Hisahiro Matsubara, Masaichi Ohira, Hideo Baba, Shoji Natsugoe, Seigou Kitano, Kazuyoshi Takeda…
    Citation: Journal of Translational Medicine 2012 10:141
    Content type: Research Published on:

  20. HIV-negative, CD20-negative de novo diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) patients has rarely been reported. To elucidate the nature of this entity, we retrospectively reviewed the data of 1,456 consecutive de no...

    Authors: Ya-Jun Li, Zhi-Ming Li, Hui-Lan Rao, Yi Xia, Hui-Qiang Huang, Zhong-Jun Xia, Su Li, Wen-Yu Li and Wen-Qi Jiang
    Citation: Journal of Translational Medicine 2012 10:84
    Content type: Research Published on:

  21. To date very few systems have been described for preclinical investigations of human cellular therapeutics in vivo. However, the ability to carry out comparisons of new cellular vaccines in vivo would be of subst...

    Authors: Stefani Spranger, Bernhard Frankenberger and Dolores J Schendel
    Citation: Journal of Translational Medicine 2012 10:30
    Content type: Methodology Published on:

  22. Patients with HER2-overexpressing metastatic breast cancer, despite initially benefiting from the monoclonal antibody trastuzumab and the EGFR/HER2 tyrosine kinase inhibitor lapatinib, will eventually have pro...

    Authors: Erika Hamilton, Kimberly Blackwell, Amy C Hobeika, Timothy M Clay, Gloria Broadwater, Xiu-Rong Ren, Wei Chen, Henry Castro, Frederic Lehmann, Neil Spector, Junping Wei, Takuya Osada and H Kim Lyerly
    Citation: Journal of Translational Medicine 2012 10:28
    Content type: Research Published on:

    The Erratum to this article has been published in Journal of Translational Medicine 2013 11:82

  23. It is widely accepted that systemic neoplastic spread is a late event in tumour progression. However, sometimes, rapidly invasive cancers are diagnosed because of appearance of metastatic lesions in absence of...

    Authors: Giulia Maria Stella, Rebecca Senetta, Adele Cassenti, Margherita Ronco and Paola Cassoni
    Citation: Journal of Translational Medicine 2012 10:12
    Content type: Review Published on:

  24. The immune modulatory effect of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) on T cells resulted in an unexpected low incidence of graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) in allogeneic peripheral blood stem cell tra...

    Authors: Li Xuan, Xiuli Wu, Yu Zhang, Zhiping Fan, Yiwen Ling, Fen Huang, Fuhua Zhang, Xiao Zhai and Qifa Liu
    Citation: Journal of Translational Medicine 2011 9:215
    Content type: Research Published on:

  25. Scientific discoveries that provide strong evidence of antitumor effects in preclinical models often encounter significant delays before being tested in patients with cancer. While some of these delays have a ...

    Authors: Bernard A Fox, Dolores J Schendel, Lisa H Butterfield, Steinar Aamdal, James P Allison, Paolo Antonio Ascierto, Michael B Atkins, Jirina Bartunkova, Lothar Bergmann, Neil Berinstein, Cristina C Bonorino, Ernest Borden, Jonathan L Bramson, Cedrik M Britten, Xuetao Cao, William E Carson…
    Citation: Journal of Translational Medicine 2011 9:214
    Content type: Commentary Published on:

  26. Treatment failure for breast cancer is frequently due to lymph node metastasis and invasion to neighboring organs. The aim of the present study was to investigate invasion- and metastasis-related genes in brea...

    Authors: Jian Pan, Li-Chao Sun, Yan-Fang Tao, Zhuan Zhou, Xiao-Li Du, Liang Peng, Xing Feng, Jian Wang, Yi-Ping Li, Ling Liu, Shui-Yan Wu, Yan-Lan Zhang, Shao-Yan Hu, Wen-Li Zhao, Xue-Ming Zhu, Guo-Liang Lou…
    Citation: Journal of Translational Medicine 2011 9:211
    Content type: Research Published on:

  27. T-cell based immunotherapy for lung cancer (LC) could be a promising and novel therapeutic approach. Six-transmembrane epithelial antigen of the prostate (STEAP) and the polycomb group protein enhancer of zest...

    Authors: Satoshi Hayashi, Takumi Kumai, Yoshiya Matsuda, Naoko Aoki, Keisuke Sato, Shoji Kimura, Masahiro Kitada, Masatoshi Tateno, Esteban Celis and Hiroya Kobayashi
    Citation: Journal of Translational Medicine 2011 9:191
    Content type: Research Published on:

  28. CD8+ effector cells often have an antitumor function in patients with cancer. However, CD8+Foxp3+ regulatory T cells (Tcregs) and interleukin (IL)-17-producing CD8+ T cells (Tc17 cells) also derive from the CD8+ ...

    Authors: Jiang Li, Zhou-Feng Huang, Geng Xiong, Hao-Yuan Mo, Fang Qiu, Hai-Qiang Mai, Qiu-Yan Chen, Jia He, Shu-peng Chen, Li-Min Zheng, Chao-Nan Qian and Yi-Xin Zeng
    Citation: Journal of Translational Medicine 2011 9:189
    Content type: Research Published on:

  29. In the last years human proteomic has represented a promising tool to promote the communication between basic and clinical science.

    Authors: Chiara Baldini, Laura Giusti, Federica Ciregia, Ylenia Da Valle, Camillo Giacomelli, Elena Donadio, Francesco Ferro, Sara Galimberti, Valentina Donati, Laura Bazzichi, Stefano Bombardieri and Antonio Lucacchini
    Citation: Journal of Translational Medicine 2011 9:188
    Content type: Research Published on:

  30. Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA)-E is a non-classical class I HLA molecule that can be stabilized by ligands donated by other classical (HLA-A, -B, -C) and non-classical (HLA-G) family members. HLA-E engages a va...

    Authors: Maria Benevolo, Marcella Mottolese, Elisa Tremante, Francesca Rollo, Maria Grazia Diodoro, Cristiana Ercolani, Isabella Sperduti, Elisa Lo Monaco, Maurizio Cosimelli and Patrizio Giacomini
    Citation: Journal of Translational Medicine 2011 9:184
    Content type: Research Published on:

  32. In head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), expression levels of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) correlate with poor prognosis and decreased survival rates. As the mechanisms responsible for ...

    Authors: Patrick J Schuler, Petra Boeckers, Rainer Engers, Edwin Boelke, Murat Bas, Jens Greve, Claudia A Dumitru, Goetz F Lehnerdt, Robert L Ferris, Pedro A Andrade Filho, Sven Brandau, Stephan Lang, Theresa L Whiteside and Thomas K Hoffmann
    Citation: Journal of Translational Medicine 2011 9:168
    Content type: Research Published on:

  33. The ability to measure T-cell responses to antigens is proving critical in the field of vaccine development and for understanding immunity to pathogens, allergens and self-antigens. Although a variety of techn...

    Authors: Aron Chakera, Sophia C Bennett and Richard J Cornall
    Citation: Journal of Translational Medicine 2011 9:143
    Content type: Methodology Published on:

  34. Active-specific immunotherapy used as an adjuvant therapeutic strategy is rather unexplored for cancers with poorly characterized tumor antigens like gastric cancer. The aim of this study was to augment a ther...

    Authors: Natasja K van den Engel, Dominik Rüttinger, Margareta Rusan, Robert Kammerer, Wolfgang Zimmermann, Rudolf A Hatz and Hauke Winter
    Citation: Journal of Translational Medicine 2011 9:140
    Content type: Research Published on:

  35. T cell therapy represents an emerging and promising modality for the treatment of both infectious disease and cancer. Data from recent clinical trials have highlighted the potential for this therapeutic modali...

    Authors: Michael Kalos
    Citation: Journal of Translational Medicine 2011 9:138
    Content type: Review Published on:

  36. Development of a standardized platform for the rapid expansion of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) with anti-tumor function from patients with limited TIL numbers or tumor tissues challenges their clinica...

    Authors: Qunrui Ye, Maria Loisiou, Bruce L Levine, Megan M Suhoski, James L Riley, Carl H June, George Coukos and Daniel J Powell Jr
    Citation: Journal of Translational Medicine 2011 9:131
    Content type: Methodology Published on:

  37. Vitiligo is a common toxicity associated with immunotherapy for melanoma. Cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) against melanoma commonly target melanoma-associated antigens (MAAs) which are also expressed by melanoc...

    Authors: Gwendolen Y Chang, Holbrook E Kohrt, Tor B Stuge, Erich J Schwartz, Jeffrey S Weber and Peter P Lee
    Citation: Journal of Translational Medicine 2011 9:122
    Content type: Research Published on:

  38. Time-dependent chemotherapeutic agents can selectively target tumor cells in susceptible phases of the cell cycle however a fraction of tumor cells in non-vulnerable cell cycle phases remain drug-resistant. Im...

    Authors: Ioannis Alagkiozidis, Andrea Facciabene, Marinos Tsiatas, Carmine Carpenito, Fabian Benencia, Sarah Adams, Zdenka Jonak, Carl H June, Daniel J Powell Jr and George Coukos
    Citation: Journal of Translational Medicine 2011 9:77
    Content type: Research Published on:

  39. Aurora kinase ensures accurate chromosome segregation during cell cycle, maintaining genetic integrity in cell division. VX-680, a small-molecule Aurora kinase inhibitor, interferes with mitotic entry and form...

    Authors: Duo-Rong Xu, Shan Huang, Zi-Jie Long, Jia-Jie Chen, Zheng-Zhi Zou, Juan Li, Dong-Jun Lin and Quentin Liu
    Citation: Journal of Translational Medicine 2011 9:74
    Content type: Research Published on:

  40. Led by key opinion leaders in the field, the 25th Annual Meeting of the International Society for Biological Therapy of Cancer (iSBTc, recently renamed the Society for Immunotherapy of Cancer, SITC) provided a...

    Authors: James M Balwit, Pawel Kalinski, Vernon K Sondak, Pierre G Coulie, Elizabeth M Jaffee, Thomas F Gajewski and Francesco M Marincola
    Citation: Journal of Translational Medicine 2011 9:60
    Content type: Meeting report Published on:

  41. High-dose Interferon (HDI) therapy produces a clinical response and achieves relapse-free survival in 20-33% of patients with operable high risk or metastatic melanoma. However, patients may develop significan...

    Authors: Diana L Simons, Gerald Lee, John M Kirkwood and Peter P Lee
    Citation: Journal of Translational Medicine 2011 9:52
    Content type: Research Published on:

  42. The differentiation of CD8+ T lymphocytes following priming of naïve cells is central in the establishment of the adaptive immune response. Yet, the molecular events underlying this process are not fully understo...

    Authors: Bruno Salaun, Takuya Yamamoto, Bassam Badran, Yasuko Tsunetsugu-Yokota, Antoine Roux, Lukas Baitsch, Redouane Rouas, Hussein Fayyad-Kazan, Petra Baumgaertner, Estelle Devevre, Anirudh Ramesh, Marion Braun, Daniel Speiser, Brigitte Autran, Philippe Martiat, Victor Appay…
    Citation: Journal of Translational Medicine 2011 9:44
    Content type: Research Published on:

  43. Many peptide-based cancer vaccines have been tested in clinical trials with a limited success, mostly due to difficulties associated with peptide stability and delivery, resulting in inefficient antigen presen...

    Authors: Wenxue Ma, Trevor Smith, Vladimir Bogin, Yu Zhang, Cengiz Ozkan, Mihri Ozkan, Melanie Hayden, Stephanie Schroter, Ewa Carrier, Davorka Messmer, Vipin Kumar and Boris Minev
    Citation: Journal of Translational Medicine 2011 9:34
    Content type: Research Published on:

  44. Infiltration of colorectal carcinomas (CRC) with T-cells has been associated with good prognosis. There are some indications that chemokines could be involved in T-cell infiltration of tumors. Selective modula...

    Authors: Klara Berencsi, Pyapalli Rani, Tianqian Zhang, Laura Gross, Michael Mastrangelo, Neal J Meropol, Dorothee Herlyn and Rajasekharan Somasundaram
    Citation: Journal of Translational Medicine 2011 9:33
    Content type: Research Published on:

  45. Clinical trials of immunologic therapies provide opportunities to study the cellular and molecular effects of those therapies and may permit identification of biomarkers of response. When the trials are perfor...

    Authors: Walter C Olson, Mark E Smolkin, Erin M Farris, Robyn J Fink, Andrea R Czarkowski, Jonathan H Fink, Kimberly A Chianese-Bullock and Craig L Slingluff Jr
    Citation: Journal of Translational Medicine 2011 9:26
    Content type: Research Published on:

  46. The Society for Immunotherapy of Cancer, SITC (formerly the International Society for Biological Therapy of Cancer, iSBTc), aims to improve cancer patient outcomes by advancing the science, development and app...

    Authors: James M Balwit, Patrick Hwu, Walter J Urba and Francesco M Marincola
    Citation: Journal of Translational Medicine 2011 9:18
    Content type: Review Published on:

  47. Developing new vaccination strategies and optimizing current vaccines through heterologous prime-boost carries the promise of integrating the benefits of different yet synergistic vectors. It has been widely t...

    Authors: Adrian Bot, Zhiyong Qiu, Raymond Wong, Mihail Obrocea and Kent A Smith
    Citation: Journal of Translational Medicine 2010 8:132
    Content type: Review Published on:

  48. The International Society for Biological Therapy of Cancer (iSBTc, recently renamed the Society for Immunotherapy of Cancer, SITC) hosted a one-day symposium at the National Institutes of Health on September 3...

    Authors: Lisa H Butterfield, Mary L Disis, Samir N Khleif, James M Balwit and Francesco M Marincola
    Citation: Journal of Translational Medicine 2010 8:130
    Content type: Commentary Published on:

  49. Cytokine-induced killer (CIK) cells are typically differentiated in vitro with interferon (IFN)-γ and αCD3 monoclonal antibodies (mAb), followed by the repeated provision of interleukin (IL)-2. It is presently un...

    Authors: Giuseppina Bonanno, Paola Iudicone, Andrea Mariotti, Annabella Procoli, Annino Pandolfi, Daniela Fioravanti, Maria Corallo, Alessandro Perillo, Giovanni Scambia, Luca Pierelli and Sergio Rutella
    Citation: Journal of Translational Medicine 2010 8:129
    Content type: Research Published on:

  50. Recent preclinical adoptive immunotherapy studies in murine models prompt to employ "proper" rather than "as many as possible" antigen-specific T cells to gain better therapeutic results. Ideally, "proper" T c...

    Authors: Anna Merlo, Riccardo Turrini, Cristina Trento, Paola Zanovello, Riccardo Dolcetti and Antonio Rosato
    Citation: Journal of Translational Medicine 2010 8:121
    Content type: Research Published on:
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