Crump JA, Mintz ED. Global trends in typhoid and paratyphoid Fever. Clin Infect Dis. 2010;50:241–6.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Dougan G, Baker S. Salmonella enterica
serovar
typhi and the pathogenesis of typhoid fever. Annu Rev Microbiol. 2014;68:317–36.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Waddington CS, Darton TC, Jones C, Haworth K, Peters A, John T, Thompson BA, Kerridge SA, Kingsley RA, Zhou L, et al. An outpatient, ambulant-design, controlled human infection model using escalating doses of Salmonella
Typhi challenge delivered in sodium bicarbonate solution. Clin Infect Dis. 2014;58:1230–40.
Article
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Darton TC, Blohmke CJ, Pollard AJ. Typhoid epidemiology, diagnostics and the human challenge model. Curr Opin Gastroenterol. 2014;30:7–17.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Levine MM, Tacket CO, Sztein MB. Host-Salmonella interaction: human trials. Microbes Infect. 2001;3:1271–9.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Hornick RB, Woodward WE, Greisman SE. Doctor T. E. Woodward’s legacy: from typhus to typhoid fever. Clin Infect Dis. 2007;45(Suppl 1):S6–8.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Hornick RB, Greisman SE, Woodward TE, DuPont HL, Dawkins AT, Snyder MJ. Typhoid fever: pathogenesis and immunologic control. N Engl J Med. 1970;283:686–91.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Woodward WE. Volunteer studies of typhoid fever and vaccines. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg. 1980;74:553–6.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Hornick RB, Woodward TE. Appraisal of typhoid vaccine in experimentally infected human subjects. Trans Am Clin Climatol Assoc. 1967;78:70–8.
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Salerno-Goncalves R, Pasetti MF, Sztein MB. Characterization of CD8(+) effector T cell responses in volunteers immunized with Salmonella enterica serovar
typhi strain Ty21a typhoid vaccine. J Immunol. 2002;169:2196–203.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Sztein MB, Tanner MK, Polotsky Y, Orenstein JM, Levine MM. Cytotoxic T lymphocytes after oral immunization with attenuated vaccine strains of Salmonella
typhi in humans. J Immunol. 1995;155:3987–93.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Salerno-Goncalves R, Wyant TL, Pasetti MF, Fernandez-Vina M, Tacket CO, Levine MM, Sztein MB. Concomitant induction of CD4+ and CD8+ T cell responses in volunteers immunized with Salmonella enterica serovar
typhi strain CVD 908-htrA. J Immunol. 2003;170:2734–41.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Salerno-Goncalves R, Fernandez-Vina M, Lewinsohn DM, Sztein MB. Identification of a human HLA-E-restricted CD8 + T cell subset in volunteers immunized with Salmonella enterica serovar
typhi strain Ty21a typhoid vaccine. J Immunol. 2004;173:5852–62.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Salerno-Goncalves R, Wahid R, Sztein MB. Immunization of volunteers with Salmonella enterica serovar
typhi strain Ty21a elicits the oligoclonal expansion of CD8+ T cells with predominant Vbeta repertoires. Infect Immun. 2005;73:3521–30.
Article
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Wahid R, Salerno-Goncalves R, Tacket CO, Levine MM, Sztein MB. Cell-mediated immune responses in humans after immunization with one or two doses of oral live attenuated typhoid vaccine CVD 909. Vaccine. 2007;25:1416–25.
Article
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Sztein MB. Cell-mediated immunity and antibody responses elicited by attenuated Salmonella enterica Serovar
typhi strains used as live oral vaccines in humans. Clin Infect Dis. 2007;45(Suppl 1):S15–9.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Wahid R, Salerno-Goncalves R, Tacket CO, Levine MM, Sztein MB. Generation of specific effector and memory T cells with gut- and secondary lymphoid tissue- homing potential by oral attenuated CVD 909 typhoid vaccine in humans. Mucosal Immunol. 2008;1:389–98.
Article
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Salerno-Goncalves R, Sztein MB. Priming of Salmonella enterica serovar
typhi-specific CD8(+) T cells by suicide dendritic cell cross-presentation in humans. PLoS ONE. 2009;4:e5879.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Salerno-Goncalves R, Wahid R, Sztein MB. Ex Vivo kinetics of early and long-term multifunctional human leukocyte antigen E-specific CD8+ cells in volunteers immunized with the Ty21a typhoid vaccine. Clin Vaccine Immunol. 2010;17:1305–14.
Article
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
McArthur MA, Sztein MB. Heterogeneity of multifunctional IL-17A producing S. typhi-specific CD8 + T cells in volunteers following Ty21a typhoid immunization. PLoS ONE. 2012;7:e38408.
Article
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Sztein MB, Wasserman SS, Tacket CO, Edelman R, Hone D, Lindberg AA, Levine MM. Cytokine production patterns and lymphoproliferative responses in volunteers orally immunized with attenuated vaccine strains of Salmonella
typhi. J Infect Dis. 1994;170:1508–17.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Sztein MB, Salerno-Goncalves R, McArthur MA. Complex adaptive immunity to enteric fevers in humans: lessons learned and the path forward. Front Immunol. 2014;5:516.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Betts MR, Brenchley JM, Price DA, De Rosa SC, Douek DC, Roederer M, Koup RA. Sensitive and viable identification of antigen-specific CD8+ T cells by a flow cytometric assay for degranulation. J Immunol Methods. 2003;281:65–78.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Wahid R, Fresnay S, Levine MM, Sztein MB. Immunization with Ty21a live oral typhoid vaccine elicits crossreactive multifunctional CD8+ T-cell responses against Salmonella enterica serovar
typhi, S. Paratyphi A, and S. Paratyphi B in humans. Mucosal Immunol. 2015.
Rozot V, Vigano S, Mazza-Stalder J, Idrizi E, Day CL, Perreau M, Lazor-Blanchet C, Petruccioli E, Hanekom W, Goletti D, et al. Mycobacterium tuberculosis-specific CD8+ T cells are functionally and phenotypically different between latent infection and active disease. Eur J Immunol. 2013;43:1568–77.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Seder RA, Darrah PA, Roederer M. T-cell quality in memory and protection: implications for vaccine design. Nat Rev Immunol. 2008;8:247–58.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Darrah PA, Patel DT, De Luca PM, Lindsay RW, Davey DF, Flynn BJ, Hoff ST, Andersen P, Reed SG, Morris SL, et al. Multifunctional TH1 cells define a correlate of vaccine-mediated protection against Leishmania major. Nat Med. 2007;13:843–50.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Ledgerwood JE, DeZure AD, Stanley DA, Novik L, Enama ME, Berkowitz NM, Hu Z, Joshi G, Ploquin A, Sitar S, et al. Chimpanzee adenovirus vector ebola vaccine—preliminary report. N Engl J Med. 2014.
Kim JJ, Nottingham LK, Sin JI, Tsai A, Morrison L, Oh J, Dang K, Hu Y, Kazahaya K, Bennett M, et al. CD8 positive T cells influence antigen-specific immune responses through the expression of chemokines. J Clin Invest. 1998;102:1112–24.
Article
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Makedonas G, Betts MR. Polyfunctional analysis of human t cell responses: importance in vaccine immunogenicity and natural infection. Springer Semin Immunopathol. 2006;28:209–19.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Kutscher S, Dembek CJ, Allgayer S, Heltai S, Stadlbauer B, Biswas P, Nozza S, Tambussi G, Bogner JR, Stellbrink HJ, et al. The intracellular detection of MIP-1beta enhances the capacity to detect IFN-gamma mediated HIV-1-specific CD8 T-cell responses in a flow cytometric setting providing a sensitive alternative to the ELISPOT. AIDS Res Ther. 2008;5:22.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Bhuiyan S, Sayeed A, Khanam F, Leung DT, Rahman Bhuiyan T, Sheikh A, Salma U, LaRocque RC, Harris JB, Pacek M, et al. Cellular and cytokine responses to Salmonella enterica serotype typhi proteins in patients with typhoid fever in Bangladesh. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2014;90:1024–30.
Article
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Lundin BS, Johansson C, Svennerholm AM. Oral immunization with a Salmonella enterica serovar
typhi vaccine induces specific circulating mucosa-homing CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells in humans. Infect Immun. 2002;70:5622–7.
Article
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Pasetti MF, Simon JK, Sztein MB, Levine MM. Immunology of gut mucosal vaccines. Immunol Rev. 2011;239:125–48.
Article
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Agace WW. T-cell recruitment to the intestinal mucosa. Trends Immunol. 2008;29:514–22.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Mora JR, von Andrian UH. T-cell homing specificity and plasticity: new concepts and future challenges. Trends Immunol. 2006;27:235–43.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Johanns TM, Ertelt JM, Rowe JH, Way SS. Regulatory T cell suppressive potency dictates the balance between bacterial proliferation and clearance during persistent Salmonella infection. PLoS Pathog. 2010;6:e1001043.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Belkaid Y. Regulatory T cells and infection: a dangerous necessity. Nat Rev Immunol. 2007;7:875–88.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
McArthur MA, Fresnay S, Magder LS, Darton TC, Jones C, Waddington CS, Blohmke CJ, Dougan G, Angus B, Levine MM, et al. Activation of salmonella typhi-specific regulatory T cells in typhoid disease in a wild-type S. typhi challenge model. PLoS Pathog. 2015;11:e1004914.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Le Bourhis L, Martin E, Peguillet I, Guihot A, Froux N, Core M, Levy E, Dusseaux M, Meyssonnier V, Premel V, et al. Antimicrobial activity of mucosal-associated invariant T cells. Nat Immunol. 2010;11:701–8.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Salerno-Goncalves R, Rezwan T, Sztein MB. B cells modulate mucosal associated invariant T cell immune responses. Front Immunol. 2014;4:511.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
McClelland M, Sanderson KE, Spieth J, Clifton SW, Latreille P, Courtney L, Porwollik S, Ali J, Dante M, Du F, et al. Complete genome sequence of Salmonella enterica serovar
typhimurium LT2. Nature. 2001;413:852–6.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Wahid R, Simon R, Zafar SJ, Levine MM, Sztein MB. Live oral typhoid vaccine Ty21a induces cross-reactive humoral immune responses against Salmonella enterica serovar Paratyphi A and S. Paratyphi B in humans. Clin Vaccine Immunol. 2012;19:825–34.
Article
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Pakkanen SH, Kantele JM, Herzog C, Kantele A. Cross-reactive immune response elicited by parenteral Vi polysaccharide typhoid vaccine against non-typhoid Salmonellae. Vaccine. 2014;32:544–51.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Belkaid Y, Hand TW. Role of the microbiota in immunity and inflammation. Cell. 2014;157:121–41.
Article
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Ferreira RB, Antunes LC, Finlay BB. Should the human microbiome be considered when developing vaccines? PLoS Pathog. 2010;6:e1001190.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Eloe-Fadrosh EA, McArthur MA, Seekatz AM, Drabek EF, Rasko DA, Sztein MB, Fraser CM. Impact of oral typhoid vaccination on the human gut microbiota and correlations with S. typhi-specific immunological responses. PLoS One. 2013;8:e62026.
Article
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Dunstan SJ, Hue NT, Han B, Li Z, Tram TT, Sim KS. Variation at HLA-DRB1 is associated with resistance to enteric fever. 2014.