Fig. 4
Gut homing potential of total CD8+ TEM and S. Typhi-specific CD8+ TEM. a Each value represents the baseline percentages of integrin α4β7− and integrin α4β7+ cells in total CD8+ TEM evaluated by surface staining and flow cytometry in TD (blue squares) and NoTD (red circles) participants. Horizontal lines represent the median for each group. **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001. b Ratios of integrin α4β7+ to integrin α4β7− in total CD8+ TEM cells are shown within three periods of time after challenge as follows: d1-5 represents the period prior to any typhoid diagnosis in all volunteers; d6-d13 in NoTD volunteers corresponds to the time period in which typhoid was diagnosed in the TD subjects; pre-TD and post-TD in TD participants corresponds to day 6 to the day of diagnosis (Pre-TD) and from the day of diagnosis to day 13 (Post-TD); and d14-d28 (the final time segment) includes the specimens collected after the initiation of antibiotic treatment in all volunteers. Horizontal lines represent the median for each group. Statistical analyses were performed using mixed effects models to account for multiple observations per person. *p < 0.05. c Post-challenge kinetics of the percentages of integrin α4β7− and integrin α4β7+ S. Typhi-specific CD8+ TEM following stimulation with S. Typhi-infected cells B-EBV cells are shown for participants from each group