Fig. 5
Characterization of multifunctional (MF) S. Typhi-specific CD8+ TEM responses at baseline. Flow cytometry data were analyzed using the FCOM function of Winlist to determine the proportion of all possible combinations of the six measured biomarkers to identify MF cells (i.e., concomitantly positive for two or more biomarkers). Each symbol represents the percentage of the different populations measured after stimulation with S. Typhi-infected cells (AEH cells [squares], B-EBV [circles] cells or blasts [triangles]) for each participant. a The percentages of single positive cells (1+) or of total MF CD8+ TEM cells (i.e., the sum of all cells concomitantly positive for two or more biomarkers). b MF cells were divided into four groups on the basis of the number of biomarkers they expressed (e.g., cells expressing two biomarkers are shown as double positive (2+), etc.). c Characterization of the six major individual populations of MF in CD8+ TEM. Horizontal lines represent the median for each group. Statistical analyses were performed using mixed effects models to account for multiple observations per person. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001