Saha S, Chant D, Welham J, McGrath J (2005) A systematic review of the prevalence of schizophrenia. PLoS Med 2:e141
Article
PubMed Central
PubMed
Google Scholar
Gutiérrez-Maldonado J, Caqueo-Urízar A, Kavanagh DJ (2005) Burden of care and general health in families of patients with schizophrenia. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 40:899–904
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Rössler W, Salize HJ, van Os J, Riecher-Rössler A (2005) Size of burden of schizophrenia and psychotic disorders. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 15:399–409
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Keller WR, Fischer BA, Carpenter WT Jr (2011) Revisiting the diagnosis of schizophrenia: where have we been and where are we going? CNS Neurosci Ther 17:83–88
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Lan M, McLoughlin G, Griffin J, Tsang T, Huang J, Yuan P et al (2009) Metabonomic analysis identifies molecular changes associated with the pathophysiology and drug treatment of bipolar disorder. Mol Psychiatry 14:269–279
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Quinones MP, Kaddurah-Daouk R (2009) Metabolomics tools for identifying biomarkers for neuropsychiatric diseases. Neurobiol Dis 35:165–176
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Shao WH, Fan SH, Lei Y, Yao GE, Chen JJ, Zhou J et al (2013) Metabolomic identification of molecular changes associated with stress resilience in the chronic mild stress rat model of depression. Metabolomics 9:433–443
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Zheng P, Gao HC, Qi ZG, Jia JM, Li FF, Chen JJ et al (2013) Peripheral metabolic abnormalities of lipids and amino acids implicated in increased risk of suicidal behavior in major depressive disorder. Metabolomics 9:688–696
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Zheng P, Wang Y, Chen L, Yang D, Meng H, Zhou D et al (2013) Identification and validation of urinary metabolite biomarkers for major depressive disorder. Mol Cell Proteomics 12:207–214
Article
PubMed Central
PubMed
Google Scholar
Zheng P, Wei YD, Yao GE, Ren GP, Guo J, Zhou CJ et al (2013) Novel urinary biomarkers for diagnosing bipolar disorder. Metabolomics 9:800–808
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Bitanihirwe BK, Woo TUW (2011) Oxidative stress in schizophrenia: an integrated approach. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 35:878–893
Article
CAS
PubMed Central
PubMed
Google Scholar
Wu X, Huang Z, Wu R, Zhong Z, Wei Q, Wang H et al (2013) The comparison of glycometabolism parameters and lipid profiles between drug-naive, first-episode schizophrenia patients and healthy controls. Schizophr Res 150:157–162
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Lee M, Jayathilake K, Dai J, Meltzer HY (2011) Decreased plasma tryptophan and tryptophan/large neutral amino acid ratio in patients with neuroleptic-resistant schizophrenia: relationship to plasma cortisol concentration. Psychiatry Res 185:328–333
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Holmes E, Tsang TM, Huang JTJ, Leweke FM, Koethe D, Gerth CW et al (2006) Metabolic profiling of CSF: evidence that early intervention may impact on disease progression and outcome in schizophrenia. PLoS Med 3:e327
Article
PubMed Central
PubMed
Google Scholar
Xuan J, Pan G, Qiu Y, Yang L, Su M, Liu Y et al (2011) Metabolomic profiling to identify potential serum biomarkers for schizophrenia and risperidone action. J Proteome Res 10:5433–5443
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Martins-de-Souza D, Maccarrone G, Wobrock T, Zerr I, Gormanns P, Reckow S et al (2010) Proteome analysis of the thalamus and cerebrospinal fluid reveals glycolysis dysfunction and potential biomarkers candidates for schizophrenia. J Psychiatr Res 44:1176–1189
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Olsen L, Hansen T, Jakobsen KD, Djurovic S, Melle I, Agartz I et al (2008) The estrogen hypothesis of schizophrenia implicates glucose metabolism: association study in three independent samples. BMC Med Genet 9:39
Article
PubMed Central
PubMed
Google Scholar
Herberth M, Koethe D, Cheng T, Krzyszton N, Schoeffmann S, Guest P et al (2011) Impaired glycolytic response in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of first-onset antipsychotic-naive schizophrenia patients. Mol Psychiatry 16:848–859
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Fucetola R, Newcomer JW, Craft S, Melson AK (1999) Age-and dose-dependent glucose-induced increases in memory and attention in schizophrenia. Psychiatry Res 88:1–13
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
van Beveren NJ, Buitendijk GH, Swagemakers S, Krab LC, Röder C, de Haan L et al (2012) Marked reduction of AKT1 expression and deregulation of AKT1-associated pathways in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of schizophrenia patients. PLoS One 7:e32618
Article
PubMed Central
PubMed
Google Scholar
Rollins B, Martin MV, Morgan L, Vawter MP (2010) Analysis of whole genome biomarker expression in blood and brain. Am J Med Genet Part B Neuropsychiatr Genet 153:919–936
Google Scholar
van Heerden JH, Conesa A, Stein DJ, Montaner D, Russell V, Illing N (2009) Parallel changes in gene expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells and the brain after maternal separation in the mouse. BMC Res Notes 2:195
Article
PubMed Central
PubMed
Google Scholar
Li SX, Liu LJ, Jiang WG, Lu L (2009) Morphine withdrawal produces circadian rhythm alterations of clock genes in mesolimbic brain areas and peripheral blood mononuclear cells in rats. J Neurochem 109:1668–1679
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Gardiner EJ, Cairns MJ, Liu B, Beveridge NJ, Carr V, Kelly B et al (2013) Gene expression analysis reveals schizophrenia-associated dysregulation of immune pathways in peripheral blood mononuclear cells. J Psychiatr Res 47:425–437
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Maxeiner H-G, Rojewski MT, Schmitt A, Tumani H, Bechter K, Schmitt M (2009) Flow cytometric analysis of T cell subsets in paired samples of cerebrospinal fluid and peripheral blood from patients with neurological and psychiatric disorders. Brain Behav Immun 23:134–142
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Jyonouchi H, Geng L, Streck DL, Toruner GA (2011) Children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) who exhibit chronic gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms and marked fluctuation of behavioral symptoms exhibit distinct innate immune abnormalities and transcriptional profiles of peripheral blood (PB) monocytes. J Neuroimmunol 238:73–80
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Segman R, Goltser-Dubner T, Weiner I, Canetti L, Galili-Weisstub E, Milwidsky A et al (2010) Blood mononuclear cell gene expression signature of postpartum depression. Mol Psychiatry 15:93–100
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Díaz-Marsá M, MacDowell KS, Guemes I, Rubio V, Carrasco JL, Leza JC (2012) Activation of the cholinergic anti-inflammatory system in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from patients with borderline personality disorder. J Psychiatr Res 46:1610–1617
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
American Psychiatry Association (2000) Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders: DSM-IV-TR. American Psychiatry Association, Washington, DC, p 371
Google Scholar
Xu XJ, Zheng P, Ren G-P, Liu ML, Mu J, Guo J et al (2014) 2, 4-Dihydroxypyrimidine is a potential urinary metabolite biomarker for diagnosing bipolar disorder. Mol BioSyst 10:813–819
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Bradley AP (1997) The use of the area under the ROC curve in the evaluation of machine learning algorithms. Pattern Recogn 30:1145–1159
Article
Google Scholar
Basu R, Dalla Man C, Campioni M, Basu A, Klee G, Toffolo G et al (2006) Effects of age and sex on postprandial glucose metabolism differences in glucose turnover, insulin secretion, insulin action, and hepatic insulin extraction. Diabetes 55:2001–2014
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Power C, Thomas C (2011) Changes in BMI, duration of overweight and obesity, and glucose metabolism: 45 years of follow-up of a birth cohort. Diabetes Care 34:1986–1991
Article
PubMed Central
PubMed
Google Scholar
Johnston-Wilson N, Sims C, Hofmann J, Anderson L, Shore A, Torrey E et al (2000) Disease-specific alterations in frontal cortex brain proteins in schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and major depressive disorder. Mol Psychiatry 5:142–149
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Pennington K, Dicker P, Dunn MJ, Cotter DR (2008) Proteomic analysis reveals protein changes within layer 2 of the insular cortex in schizophrenia. Proteomics 8:5097–5107
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Martins-de-Souza D, Gattaz WF, Schmitt A, Maccarrone G, Hunyadi-Gulyás E, Eberlin MN et al (2009) Proteomic analysis of dorsolateral prefrontal cortex indicates the involvement of cytoskeleton, oligodendrocyte, energy metabolism and new potential markers in schizophrenia. J Psychiatr Res 43:978–986
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Martins-de-Souza D, Gattaz WF, Schmitt A, Novello JC, Marangoni S, Turck CW et al (2009) Proteome analysis of schizophrenia patients Wernicke’s area reveals an energy metabolism dysregulation. BMC Psychiatry 9:17
Article
PubMed Central
PubMed
Google Scholar
Jensen JE, Miller J, Williamson PC, Neufeld RW, Menon RS, Malla A et al (2006) Grey and white matter differences in brain energy metabolism in first episode schizophrenia: 31 P-MRS chemical shift imaging at 4 Tesla. Psychiatry Res Neuroimaging 146:127–135
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Kuzman MR, Medved V, Terzic J, Krainc D (2009) Genome-wide expression analysis of peripheral blood identifies candidate biomarkers for schizophrenia. J Psychiatr Res 43:1073–1077
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Kumarasinghe N, Beveridge NJ, Gardiner E, Scott RJ, Yasawardene S, Perera A et al (2013) Gene expression profiling in treatment-naive schizophrenia patients identifies abnormalities in biological pathways involving AKT1 that are corrected by antipsychotic medication. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 16:1483–1503
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Martins-de-Souza D, Guest P, Harris L, Vanattou-Saifoudine N, Webster M, Rahmoune H et al (2012) Identification of proteomic signatures associated with depression and psychotic depression in post-mortem brains from major depression patients. Transl Psychiatry 2:e87
Article
CAS
PubMed Central
PubMed
Google Scholar
Beasley CL, Pennington K, Behan A, Wait R, Dunn MJ, Cotter D (2006) Proteomic analysis of the anterior cingulate cortex in the major psychiatric disorders: evidence for disease-associated changes. Proteomics 6:3414–3425
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar