Severe disturbance of glucose metabolism in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of schizophrenia patients: a targeted metabolomic study

Table 2 The differentially expressed metabolites between SZ and HC group

Metabolites	Metabolic pathway	Training set		Test set
Metabolites	Metabolic pathway	Log₂(FC)^a	P value^b	Log₂(FC)^a	P value^b
Glucose	Glycosis	4.22	0.000	0.67	0.000
Glucose 6-phosphate	Glycosis	1.84	0.000	1.48	0.000
Fructose 6-phosphate	Glycosis	1.84	0.000	1.06	0.000
Fructose	Glycosis	6.12	0.000	0.48	0.003
Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate	Glycosis	−1.91	0.000	−1.05	0.006
Dihydroxyacetone phosphate	Glycosis	−2.28	0.000	−1.28	0.000
Glycerol 3-phosphate	Glycosis	−0.6	0.000	−0.49	0.001
Glycerate 3-phosphate	Glycosis	0.88	0.000	0.28	0.363
Pyruvate	Glycosis	0.54	0.090	0.82	0.013
Lactic acid	Glycosis	−0.11	1.000	−0.79	0.002
Citric acid	TCA	−1.08	0.000	−0.71	0.001
Succinic acid	TCA	3.08	0.000	0.76	0.001
Ribose 5-phosphate	Pentose phosphate pathway	4.53	0.000	−0.39	0.133

Values given in bold denote statistically significant results (P < 0.05).
SZ schizophrenia, HC healthy controls, FC fold change, TCA tricarboxylic acid cycle.
^aA negative log₂(FC) indicated significantly lower expression in schizophrenia subjects compared to healthy controls; a positive log₂(FC) indicated significantly higher expression in schizophrenia subjects compared to healthy controls.
^bThese data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA followed by Bonferroni post hoc test between two groups of each cohort.

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