Severe disturbance of glucose metabolism in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of schizophrenia patients: a targeted metabolomic study

Table 3 The differentially expressed metabolites between MD and HC group

Metabolites	Metabolic pathway	Training set		Test set
Metabolites	Metabolic pathway	Log₂(FC)^a	P value^b	Log₂(FC)^a	P value^b
Glucose	Glycosis	0.50	1.000	0.34	0.239
Glucose 6-phosphate	Glycosis	0.74	0.228	0.38	1.000
Fructose 6-phosphate	Glycosis	0.99	0.019	0.18	1.000
Fructose	Glycosis	0.08	1.000	0.29	0.198
Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate	Glycosis	−0.09	0.907	−0.25	0.802
Dihydroxyacetone phosphate	Glycosis	0.71	0.000	−0.79	0.004
Glycerol 3-phosphate	Glycosis	−0.09	1.000	−0.10	1.000
Glycerate 3-phosphate	Glycosis	−0.71	0.190	−0.28	0.692
Pyruvate	Glycosis	0.34	0.606	0.22	1.000
Lactic acid	Glycosis	−0.15	1.000	−0.31	0.239
Citric acid	TCA	−0.09	1.000	−0.11	1.000
Succinic acid	TCA	0.07	1.000	0.71	0.003
Ribose 5-phosphate	Pentose phosphate pathway	−0.03	1.000	−0.16	1.000

Values given in bold denote statistically significant results (P < 0.05).
MD major depression, HC healthy controls, FC fold change, TCA tricarboxylic acid cycle.
^aA negative log₂(FC) indicated significantly lower expression in major depressive subjects compared to healthy controls; a positive log₂(FC) indicated significantly higher expression in major depressive subjects compared to healthy controls.
^bThese data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA followed by Bonferroni post hoc test between two groups of each cohort.

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