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Table 5 Incidence rates, hazard ratios and confidence intervals of patients with infection associated with risk factors

From: Increased risk of chronic fatigue syndrome following infection: a 17-year population-based cohort study

Variable

Potential pathogens

cHR (95% CI)

p-value

aHR (95% CI)

p-value

No

Yes

Event

PY

IR

Event

PY

IR

Sex

 Female

7317

1,866,947

3.92

13,477

2,416,475

5.58

1.45 (1.4, 1.49)***

< 0.001

1.45 (1.41, 1.5)***

< 0.001

 Male

4194

1,270,416

3.30

8384

1,630,540

5.14

1.59 (1.53, 1.65)***

< 0.001

1.59 (1.54, 1.65)***

< 0.001

Age (years)

 < 40

4855

1,615,644

3.00

9225

2,108,900

4.37

1.46 (1.41, 1.51)***

< 0.001

1.46 (1.41, 1.51)***

< 0.001

 40–64

4609

1,187,150

3.88

9327

1,542,978

6.04

1.59 (1.53, 1.64)***

< 0.001

1.59 (1.53, 1.65)***

< 0.001

 65+

2047

334,569

6.12

3309

395,137

8.37

1.39 (1.32, 1.47)***

< 0.001

1.41 (1.34, 1.49)***

< 0.001

Comorbidities

 Hypothyroidism

  No

11,492

3,134,447

3.67

21,835

4,043,037

5.40

1.5 (1.47, 1.53)***

< 0.001

1.51 (1.47, 1.54)***

< 0.001

  Yes

19

2916

6.52

26

3978

6.54

1.01 (0.56, 1.84)

0.963

0.92 (0.5, 1.69)

0.7866

 Diabetes mellitus

  No

10,126

2,900,216

3.49

19,729

3,787,130

5.21

1.51 (1.48, 1.55)***

< 0.001

1.51 (1.47, 1.55)***

< 0.001

  Yes

1385

237,147

5.84

2132

259,885

8.20

1.44 (1.35, 1.54)***

< 0.001

1.45 (1.36, 1.55)***

< 0.001

 Insomnia

  No

9926

2,920,880

3.40

19,356

3,796,197

5.10

1.52 (1.48, 1.55)***

< 0.001

1.52 (1.48, 1.55)***

< 0.001

  Yes

1585

216,483

7.32

2505

250,818

9.99

1.41 (1.32, 1.5)***

< 0.001

1.41 (1.32, 1.5)***

< 0.001

 Depression

  No

10,852

3,041,160

3.57

20,751

3,930,739

5.28

1.5 (1.47, 1.54)***

< 0.001

1.51 (1.47, 1.54)***

< 0.001

  Yes

659

96,203

6.85

1110

116,276

9.55

1.43 (1.3, 1.58)***

< 0.001

1.43 (1.3, 1.58)***

< 0.001

 Anxiety

  No

9055

2,764,969

3.27

17,871

3,603,677

4.96

1.53 (1.49, 1.57)***

< 0.001

1.53 (1.49, 1.57)***

< 0.001

  Yes

2456

372,394

6.60

3990

443,338

9.00

1.41 (1.34, 1.48)***

< 0.001

1.41 (1.34, 1.48)***

< 0.001

 Dementia

  No

11,499

3,134,988

3.67

21,851

4,045,120

5.40

1.5 (1.47, 1.53)***

< 0.001

1.5 (1.47, 1.54)***

< 0.001

  Yes

12

2375

5.05

10

1895

5.28

1.06 (0.46, 2.47)

0.8917

1.14 (0.48, 2.72)

0.7648

 Peptic ulcer

  No

8594

2,632,611

3.26

17,024

3,453,971

4.93

1.52 (1.48, 1.56)***

< 0.001

1.52 (1.48, 1.56)***

< 0.001

  Yes

2917

504,752

5.78

4837

593,044

8.16

1.45 (1.38, 1.52)***

< 0.001

1.46 (1.39, 1.53)***

< 0.001

 Obesity

  No

11,422

3,121,792

3.66

21,746

4,027,908

5.40

1.5 (1.47, 1.54)***

< 0.001

1.51 (1.47, 1.54)***

< 0.001

  Yes

89

15,571

5.72

115

19,107

6.02

1.07 (0.81, 1.42)

0.6106

0.99 (0.75, 1.31)

0.9581

 Psoriasis

  No

11,470

3,123,972

3.67

21,763

4,029,965

5.40

1.5 (1.46, 1.53)***

< 0.001

1.5 (1.47, 1.54)***

< 0.001

  Yes

41

13,391

3.06

98

17,050

5.75

1.96 (1.36, 2.83)***

< 0.001

1.9 (1.32, 2.75)***

< 0.001

 Burn

  No

11,249

3,075,224

3.66

21,321

3,972,404

5.37

1.49 (1.46, 1.53)***

< 0.001

1.5 (1.47, 1.53)***

< 0.001

  Yes

262

62,139

4.22

540

74,611

7.24

1.77 (1.53, 2.05)***

< 0.001

1.71 (1.48, 1.99)***

< 0.001

 Gout

  No

10,394

2,943,302

3.53

20,087

3,828,145

5.25

1.51 (1.47, 1.54)***

< 0.001

1.51 (1.47, 1.54)***

< 0.001

  Yes

1117

194,061

5.76

1774

218,869

8.11

1.45 (1.35, 1.57)***

< 0.001

1.45 (1.35, 1.57)***

< 0.001

 Dyslipidemia

  No

9927

2,872,979

3.46

19,254

3,747,879

5.14

1.5 (1.47, 1.54)***

< 0.001

1.51 (1.47, 1.54)***

< 0.001

  Yes

1584

264,384

5.99

2607

299,136

8.72

1.49 (1.4, 1.59)***

< 0.001

1.49 (1.4, 1.58)***

< 0.001

 Inflammatory bowel disease

  No

10,688

3,008,426

3.55

20,513

3,893,613

5.27

1.51 (1.47, 1.54)***

< 0.001

1.51 (1.48, 1.55)***

< 0.001

  Yes

823

128,937

6.38

1348

153,402

8.79

1.41 (1.3, 1.54)***

< 0.001

1.41 (1.3, 1.54)***

< 0.001

 Hepatitis B

  No

11,158

3,076,681

3.63

21,334

3,975,467

5.37

1.5 (1.47, 1.54)***

< 0.001

1.51 (1.48, 1.55)***

< 0.001

  Yes

353

60,682

5.82

527

71,548

7.37

1.3 (1.13, 1.49)***

< 0.001

1.27 (1.11, 1.46)***

< 0.001

 Hepatitis C

  No

11,361

3,120,762

3.64

21,632

4,027,383

5.37

1.5 (1.47, 1.54)***

< 0.001

1.51 (1.47, 1.54)***

< 0.001

  Yes

150

16,601

9.04

229

19,632

11.66

1.33 (1.08, 1.63)**

0.0074

1.32 (1.07, 1.62)**

0.0088

 Fibromyalgia

  No

8622

2,640,127

3.27

17,221

3,463,800

4.97

1.53 (1.49, 1.57)***

< 0.001

1.53 (1.49, 1.57)***

< 0.001

  Yes

2889

497,236

5.81

4640

583,214

7.96

1.41 (1.34, 1.47)***

< 0.001

1.41 (1.35, 1.48)***

< 0.001

  1. PY Person-Year; IR Incidence rate, per 1000 persons/years; HR Hazard ratio; CI confidence interval; Adjusted HR adjusted for age, sex, comorbidities and medications in Cox proportional hazards regression
  2. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001
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Journal of Translational Medicine

ISSN: 1479-5876

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