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Table 2 Outcomes

From: Effects of preoperative high-oral protein loading on short- and long-term renal outcomes following cardiac surgery: a cohort study

 

Control group

(n = 214)

Protein-loading group

(n = 110)

p-value (unadjusted)

p-value (adjusted)a

Serum creatinine, mg/dLb

    

 Hospital admission

0.85 (0.72 – 0.96)

0.84 (0.73 – 0.96)

0.998

0.930

 Preoperative

0.84 (0.72 − 0.95)

0.83 (0.72 − 0.96)

0.956

0.883

 Postoperative day 1

0.77 (0.65 − 0.89)

0.79 (0.70 − 0.88)

0.181

0.148

 Postoperative day 2

0.84 (0.70 − 0.96)

0.82 (0.70 − 0.96)

0.308

0.251

 Hospital discharge

0.8 (0.67 − 0.92)

0.78 (0.69 − 0.93)

0.990

0.924

 3-month follow-up

0.90 (0.76 − 1.00)

0.83 (0.72 − 0.95)

0.088

0.048

 1-year follow-up

0.95 (0.81 – 1.09)

0.87 (0.76 – 0.93)

 < 0.001

 < 0.001

eGFR, mL/min/1.73 m2 c

    

 Hospital admission

90 (80 − 98)

91 (82 − 100)

0.886

0.823

 Preoperative

91 (80 − 98)

92 (82 − 100)

0.886

0.823

 Hospital discharge

94 (85 − 102)

93 (85 − 102)

0.774

0.767

 3-month follow-up

87 (77 − 95)

91 (82 − 100)

0.033

0.028

 1-year follow-up

81 (70 − 88)

88 (78 − 96)

 < 0.001

 < 0.001

Albuminuria, mg/g creatinine

    

 Hospital admission

7.0 (3.6 − 24.1)

6.5 (3.3 − 21.0)

0.273

0.265

 3-month follow-up

14.1 (4.3 − 62.1)

7.9 (1.6 − 43.9)

0.076

0.065

 1-year follow-up

20.9 (4.3 − 62.1)

10.0 (1.8 − 26.0)

0.024

0.020

 Postoperative day 1 urine output/hour, mL

2.7 (2 – 3.7)

2.33 (1.86 − 3.11)

0.021

0.031

 Postoperative day 2 urine output/hour, mL

1.42 (1.13 – 1.72)

1.48 (1.2 − 1.87)

0.324

0.277

 AKI, n (%)

  

0.945

0.945

  Stage 1

18 (8.5%)

10 (9.1%)

  

  Stage 2

6 (2.8%)

4 (3.6%)

  

  Stage 3

2 (0.9%)

1 (0.9%)

  

  Postoperative kidney replacement therapy, n (%)

2 (0.9%)

0 (0%)

0.550

0.550

 Type of AKI

  

0.110

0.110

  Serum creatinine criteria

19 (9.0%)

15 (13.6%)

  

  Urine output criteria

4 (1.9%)

0 (0%)

  

  Both criteria

3 (1.4%)

0 (0%)

  

 AKI reversal state at discharge, n (%) d

  

0.139

0.139

  Reversal

21/26 (80.8%)

15/15 (100%)

  

  Non-reversal

5/26 (19.2%)

0 (0%)

  
  1. Summaries of quantitative variables are presented as median and interquartile range (in parentheses). For categorical variables, the absolute and relative frequencies (as %, in parentheses) are presented for the categories
  2. AKI acute kidney injury; eGFR estimated glomerular filtration rate
  3. aP-values were taken from linear models, including age, sex, body mass index, hypertension, and diabetes as covariables
  4. bTo convert the values for serum creatinine to micromoles per liter, multiply it by 88.4
  5. cThe eGFR was calculated using the Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration equation [15]
  6. dAKI reversal was defined as the absence of any stage of AKI based on either the serum creatinine or urine output criteria at hospital discharge [22]
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Journal of Translational Medicine

ISSN: 1479-5876

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