Table 9 Published experimental studies detailing BM-MSCs post-thaw paracrine function

Immunomodulatory potential

 Human

  Zhao et al. [94]

Human (with chronic myeloid leukaemia)

No effect on immunomodulatory potential

Mixed leukocyte reaction inc. T-cell proliferation

  François et al. [45]

Human

Impaired inhibition of proliferation of activated T cells; low IDO protein expression in response to INF-γ stimulation; up-regulation of heat shock proteins

T-cell proliferation assay (CD3/CD28); Western blot IDO; RT-qPCR IDO, CCL2, IL-6

  Holubova et al. [69]

Human

No effect on immunomodulatory potential

T-cell proliferation (PHA)

  Moll et al. [38]

Human

Impaired immunomodulatory properties

RT-qPCR IDO, IL-6; Western blot IDO; Instant blood mediated inflammatory reaction (IBMIR)

  Luetzkendorf et al. [40]

Human

No effect on immunomodulatory potential

Co-culture with PBMC; T-cell proliferation (PHA)

  Chinnadurai et al. [68]

Human

Freeze-thawing attenuates immunosuppressive properties of human MSC independent of freezing methods or freezing media; Thawed MSC can suppress T-cell proliferation in the absence of cell contact; IFNɣ pre-licensing prior to cryopreservation enhances thawed MSC’s immunosuppressive properties

Co-culture with PBMC; T-cell proliferation (CD3/CD28 & SEB); RT-qPCR IDO, Hsp

  Gramlich et al. [18]

Human

No effect on immunomodulatory potential

Co-culture with PBMC; T-cell proliferation (CD3/CD28); IDO activity assay (kynurenine)

  Lechanteur et al. [34]

Human

Impaired immunomodulatory properties

Co-culture with PBMC; T-cell proliferation (CD3/CD28); IDO activity assay (kynurenine)

Angiogenesis potential

 Human

  Haack-Sorensen et al. [19]

Human

No effect on the capacity of MSC to differentiate into endothelial cells; Retained VEGF responsiveness

In vitro angiogenesis; RT-qPCR, KDR, vWF, INSIG

Growth factor secretion

 Human

  Gramlich et al. [18]

Human

Small changes in growth factor secretion between fresh and cryopreserved cells

Human antibody-mediated growth factor array