Table 1 Characteristics of mother-newborn pairs according to self-reported tobacco smoke exposure during pregnancy

Newborn

 Sex

  Male

188 (49.2%)

120 (47.1%)

34 (52.3%)

34 (54.8%)

  Female

194 (50.8%)

135 (52.9%)

31 (47.7%)

28 (45.2%)

 Ethnicity

  European-Caucasian

332 (86.9%)

223 (87.4%)

57 (87.7%)

52 (83.9%)

  Non-European

50 (13.1%)

32 (12.6%)

8 (12.3%)

10 (16.1%)

 Gestational age, w

39.2 ± 1.2

39.3 ± 1.2

39.2 ± 1.3

39.2 ± 1.2

 Birth weight, g

3429 ± 426

3472 ± 424

3437 ± 423

3247 ± 395

 Birth length, cm

50.3 ± 1.9

50.5 ± 2.0

50.5 ± 1.7

49.5 ± 1.8

Mother

 Age, year

29.0 ± 4.7

29.4 ± 4.5

28.9 ± 4.9

27.7 ± 4.8

 Pre-pregnancy BMI, kg/m²

24.3 ± 4.5

24.2 ± 4.4

24.8 ± 5.3

24.2 ± 4.1

 Maternal education

  Low

51 (13.3%)

26 (10.2%)

6 (9.2%)

19 (30.6%)

  Middle

131 (34.3%)

77 (30.2%)

25 (38.5%)

29 (46.8%)

  High

200 (52.4%)

152 (59.6%)

34 (52.3%)

14 (22.6%)

 Medication use^a

  None

134 (37.8%)

92 (39.5%)

21 (32.3%)

21 (37.5%)

 Alcohol consumption

  Occasionally

73 (19.1%)

42 (16.5%)

20 (30.8%)

11 (17.7%)

 Physical activity (>20 min)^b

  <1 times per week

122 (33.3%)

82 (33.3%)

19 (29.7%)

21 (36.8%)

  1 times per week

86 (23.4%)

63 (25.6%)

15 (23.4%)

8 (14.0%)

  >2 times per week

159 (43.3%)

101 (41.1%)

30 (46.9%)

28 (49.2%)

 Parity

  1

200 (52.3%)

132 (51.8%)

36 (55.4%)

32 (51.6%)

  2

142 (37.2%)

91 (35.7%)

25 (38.5%)

26 (41.9%)

  ≥3

40 (10.5%)

32 (12.5%)

4 (6.1%)

4 (6.5%)

 Cigarettes before pregnancy

–

–

11.0 ± 6.9

10.3 ± 6.7

 Cigarettes during pregnancy

–

–

–

7.8 ± 4.6