Epigenetics of human cutaneous melanoma: setting the stage for new therapeutic strategies

Table 3 miRNAs altered in human CM

PATHWAY	miRNA	TARGETED GENE	EXPRESSION^a	SOURCE	REFERENCE
APOPTOSIS	miR-15b		up-regulated	tumors and cell lines	[122]
	miR-155	NIK^b (?)^c, SKI (?)	down-regulated	cell lines	[63]
CELL CYCLE	miR-193b	cyclin D1	down-regulated	tumors	[161]
	miR 17-92 cluster	c-MYC	up-regulated	cell lines	[62, 63]
	miR 106-363 cluster	Rbp1-like (?)	up-regulated	cell lines	[62]
	miR-137	MITF	down-regulated	cell lines	[61, 64]
	miR-182	MITF, FOXO3	up-regulated	tumors and cell lines	[61, 65]
	miR-221/-222	c-KIT, p27	up-regulated	cell lines	[61, 69]
	let-7b	cyclins A, D1, D3, CDK4	down-regulated	tumors	[61, 68]
INVASION/METASTASIS	miR-373		up-regulated	cell lines	[62]
	miR-137	MITF	down-regulated	cell lines	[61, 64]
	miR-182	MITF, FOXO3	up-regulated	tumors and cell lines	[61, 65]
	let-7a	ITGB3	down-regulated	cell lines	[61]
	miR-34b	MET	down-regulated	cell lines	[66]
	miR-34c	MET	down-regulated	cell lines	[66]
	miR-199a*	MET	down-regulated	cell lines	[66]
TBD^d	miR-17-5p		up-regulated	tumors and cell lines	[62, 63, 161]
	miR-146a		down-regulated	cell lines	[63]
	miR-146b		down-regulated	cell lines	[63]
	miR-16		up-regulated	tumors	[161]
	miR-21		up-regulated	tumors	[161]
	miR-22		up-regulated	tumors	[161]
	miR-106b		up-regulated	tumors	[161]
	miR-125b		down-regulated	tumors	[161]
	miR-200c		down-regulated	tumors	[161]
	miR-203		down-regulated	tumors	[161]
	miR-204		down-regulated	tumors	[161]
	miR-205		down-regulated	tumors	[161]
	miR-211		down-regulated	tumors	[161]
	miR-214		down-regulated	tumors	[161]
	miR-768-3p		down-regulated	tumors	[161]

^a, level of expression of miRNAs in CM as compared to that found in normal melanocytes;
^b, gene symbol: CDK4, cycline dependent kinase 4; FOXO3, forkhead box O3; ITGB3, integrin beta 3; MITF, microphthalmia-associated transcription factor; NIK, nuclear factor-inducing kinase; Rbp1-like, retinoblastoma binding protein 1 like; SKI, v-ski sarcoma viral oncogene homolog;
^c, predicted target genes that have not been confirmed are indicated with question marks (?);
^d, TBD: to be determined.

ISSN: 1479-5876