Figure 1
From: Main roads to melanoma
Major pathways involved in melanoma. Pathway associated with N-RAS, BRAF, and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) as well as with CDKN2A and MITF are schematically represented. Arrows, activating signals; interrupted lines, inhibiting signals. BAD, BCL-2 antagonist of cell death; cAMP, cyclic AMP; CDK4, Cyclin-dependent kinase 4; CDKN2A, Cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor of kinase 2A; ERK1/2, Extracellular-related kinase 1 or 2; IkB, inhibitor of kB protein; IKK, inhibitor-of-kB-protein kinase; MC1R, melanocortin-1-receptor; MITF, Microphthalmia-Associated Transcription Factor; MEK1/2, Mitogen-activated protein kinase-extracellular related kinase 1/2; PI3K, Phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase; PIP2, Phosphatidylinositol bisphosphate; PIP3, Phosphatidylinositol trisphosphate; PTEN, Phosphatase and tensin homologue.