Figure 4

The gene expressions of inflammatory and anti-inflammatory biomarkers at 72 h after ischemia-reperfusion (IR) procedure (n = 6 at each time for each group). A to C) The mRNA expressions of tumor necrotic factor (TNF)-α (A), matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9 (B) and interleukin (IL)-β (C); * vs. other groups with different symbols (*, †, ‡, §), p < 0.001. D) The mRNA expression of plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI)-1; * vs. other groups with different symbols (*, †, ‡, §), p < 0.0001. E to F) The mRNA expressions of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) and IL-10; * vs. other groups with different symbols (*, †, ‡, §), p < 0.001. All statistical analyses using one-way ANOVA, followed by Bonferroni multiple comparison post hoc test (n = 6). Symbols (*, †, ‡, §) indicate significance (at 0.05 level). SC = sham control; IR = ischemia-reperfusion; Sita = sitagliptin; Ex-4 = extendin-4.