Figure 1

Immunohistochemical (IHC) and H.E. staining and Western blot for determining the impact of sitagliptin and exendin-9-39 effect on acute kidney ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury at 24 h after IR procedure. A to D) The H.E stain (200 x) showing notably higher acute kidney injury score, including: brush border in renal tubules (yellow arrowheads), cast formation (green asterisk), tubular dilatation (blue asterisk), tubular necrosis (green arrows), and dilatation of Bowman’s capsule (blue arrows) in ischemia reperfusion (IR) only and IR + sitagliptin (Sita) + exendin (Ex)-9-39 animals than in IR + sitagliptin animals. E to H) The immunohistochemical (IHC) stain (200 x) demonstrating higher expression of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R) (brown color staining) in IR animals with sitagliptin + exendin-9-39 treatment and further higher expression of this biomarker than in RI only animals in renal parenchyma. Very few expression of GLP-1R in normal kidney parenchyma (E) was observed. Scale bars in right lower corner represent 50 μm. I) The protein expressions of ADPH oxidase (NOX)-1, NOX-2, intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM)-1, tumor necrotic factor (TNF)-α, nuclear factor (NF)- κB, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9, and J) oxidized protein were remarkably higher in IR and IR + sitagliptin + exendin-9-39 animals than in IR + sitagliptin animals.