Scheme 1
From: Nicotine restores olfactory function by activation of prok2R/Akt/FoxO3a axis in Parkinson’s disease
The schematic diagram of this article. The treatment of nicotine can improve the motor and olfactory dysfunctions of MPTP PD mice. This might be related with the activation of prok2R/Akt/FoxO3a axis, thereby mitigating the apoptosis of olfactory sensory neurons in the glomeruli layer of the olfactory bulb. The activation of this pathway can be compromised by the Akt inhibitor ipatasertib