Fig. 1

Nicotine alleviates the motor and olfactory performances of MPTP PD mice. a Schematic design of in vivo experiments. Total travel distance (b), central travel distance (c), static time (d), route trajectory (e), and heatmap (f) of the open field test. g Rotarod latency in the rotarod test. (h) Latency from the head turning to the front paws approaching the ground. i Time latency to find the pellet. (j) The ratio of time spent smelling novel scent versus own scent. Significant differences are shown by *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001. n = 8 in each group