Variables | ME/CFS (n = 31) | Long COVID (n = 23) | HCs (n = 31) | P-values |
|---|
SBP_sp, mmHg | 128.1 ± 3.1 | 124.6 ± 2.9 | 115.6 ± 2.0 | < 0.00011/0.00382 |
ΔSBP_3F, mmHg | 0.2 ± 1.4 | 0.72 ± 2.25 | 3.1 ± 1.1 | n.s./n.s. |
DBP_sp, mmHg | 81.8 ± 1.5 | 77.8 ± 1.3 | 71.4 ± 1.4 | < 0.00011/0.00062 |
ΔDBP_3F, mmHg | 6.5 ± 1.5 | 6.57 ± 1.22 | 7.0 ± 1.0 | n.s./n.s. |
HR_sp, bpm | 73.6 ± 1.8 | 67.2 ± 2.2 | 65.5 ± 1.7 | 0.00361/n.s. |
ΔHR_3L, bpm | 12.7 ± 2.0 | 17.08 ± 1.92 | 13.9 ± 1.9 | n.s./n.s. |
PP_sp, mmHg | 46.8 ± 2.0 | 46.8 ± 2.08 | 41.8 ± 1.4 | n.s./n.s. |
NPP_sp, % | 36.1 ± 0.9 | 37.2 ± 0.87 | 36.1 ± 0.9 | n.s./n.s. |
- Data for each hemodynamic parameter are displayed as mean ± SEM. P-values were attained from ANOVA. Superscripts (1) and (2) show statistically significant P-values for comparison between ME/CFS vs. healthy controls and long COVID vs. healthy controls, respectively. Significant comparisons are highlighted in bold (n.s. denote not significant). ME/CFS myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome, HCs healthy controls, SBP_sp systolic blood pressure in supine position, ΔSBP_3F variation of SBP in the first three minutes of standing, DBP_sp diastolic blood pressure in supine position, ΔDBP_3F variation of DBP in the first three minutes of standing, HR_sp heart rate in supine position, ΔHR_3L variation of HR in the last three minutes of standing, PP_sp pulse pressure in supine position, NPP_sp narrowed pulse pressure. These latter variables were calculated according to the consensus equation as follows PP = SBP-DBP and NPP = PP/SBP. A pulse pressure (PP) that is less than 25% of the SBP is inappropriately low or narrowed, whereas a PP of greater than 100% is high or widened
