Fig.2From: Lactate infusion elevates cardiac output through increased heart rate and decreased vascular resistance: a randomised, blinded, crossover trial in a healthy porcine modelPig instrumentation. The pigs were intubated and admitted to a ventilator. A Foley catheter was inserted into the bladder before invasive instrumentation. A pulmonary artery catheter and a CS catheter weree placed through the right jugular vein. A PV admittance catheter was inserted in the LV through the left common carotid artery. An occluding balloon was placed in the inferior vena cava at the diaphragm level. Invasive arterial blood pressure and arterial blood samples were sampled from the left femoral artery. CS coronary sinus, LV left ventricle, PV pressure–volumeBack to article page