Variables | Overall | Without albuminuria | With albuminuria | P value |
---|---|---|---|---|
Sample, n (%) | 6739 | 5161(76.58) | 1578(23.42) | Â |
Age, years | 56.52 ± 0.29 | 55.39 ± 0.33 | 61.15 ± 0.49 |  < 0.001 |
BMI, kg/m2 | 32.22 ± 0.14 | 32.11 ± 0.15 | 32.67 ± 0.32 | 0.109 |
Gender, n (%) | Â | Â | Â | 0.999 |
 Female | 3181(47.20) | 2469(47.36) | 712(47.37) |  |
 Male | 3558(52.80) | 2692(52.64) | 866(52.63) |  |
Race/Ethnicity, n (%) |  |  |  |  < 0.001 |
 Mexican Americans | 1185(17.58) | 882(8.86) | 303(11.28) |  |
 Non-Hispanic Black | 1408(20.89) | 1046(10.28) | 362(13.47) |  |
 Non-Hispanic White | 2719(40.35) | 2120(68.14) | 599(61.79) |  |
 Other races | 1427(21.18) | 1113(12.73) | 314(13.46) |  |
Education, n (%) |  |  |  |  < 0.001 |
 Less Than 9th Grade | 1004(14.90) | 710(6.96) | 294(12.17) |  |
 9–11th Grade | 1064(15.79) | 785(11.64) | 279(14.47) |  |
 High School | 1575(23.37) | 1214(24.48) | 361(26.46) |  |
 Some College | 1880(27.90) | 1471(32.19) | 409(28.40) |  |
 College or above | 1216(18.04) | 981(24.73) | 235(18.50) |  |
Marital status, n (%) | Â | Â | Â | 0.002 |
 Married | 3760(55.79) | 2936(60.22) | 824(55.54) |  |
 Unmarried | 704(10.45) | 562(10.85) | 142(9.47) |  |
 Others | 2275(33.76) | 1663(28.93) | 612(34.99) |  |
PIR, n (%) |  |  |  |  < 0.001 |
  ≤ 1.30 | 2335(34.65) | 1711(21.33) | 624(30.30) |  |
 1.30–3.50 | 2620(38.88) | 1965(36.64) | 655(40.43) |  |
  > 3.50 | 1784(26.47) | 1485(42.03) | 299(29.27) |  |
Serum creatinine, μmol/L | 82.19 ± 0.58 | 78.48 ± 0.39 | 97.36 ± 2.59 |  < 0.001 |
Serum uric acid, μmol/L | 344.40 ± 1.55 | 341.27 ± 1.73 | 357.21 ± 3.21 |  < 0.001 |
Hypertension, n (%) | 5036(74.73) | 3659(69.39) | 1377(86.84) |  < 0.001 |
Hyperlipidemia, n (%) | 5742(85.21) | 4353(85.11) | 1389(88.27) | 0.031 |
Smoke, n (%) | Â | Â | Â | 0.011 |
 Never | 3434(50.95) | 2694(51.25) | 740(44.91) |  |
 Former | 2140(31.76) | 1590(32.32) | 550(37.76) |  |
 Current | 1165(17.29) | 877(16.43) | 288(17.33) |  |
CVD, n (%) | 1348(20.00) | 868(15.65) | 480(27.91) |  < 0.001 |
Alcohol status, n (%) |  |  |  |  < 0.001 |
 Never | 1816(26.95) | 1434(30.56) | 382(25.44) |  |
 Former | 1510(22.41) | 1076(17.22) | 434(24.84) |  |
 Mild | 2264(33.60) | 1793(39.23) | 471(33.54) |  |
 Heavy | 1816(26.95) | 1434(30.56) | 382(25.44) |  |
Medication use, n (%) | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 Anti-hypertensive drugs | 822(12.20) | 618(11.48) | 204(12.28) | 0.508 |
 Anti-diabetic drugs | 2844(42.20) | 1937(34.31) | 907(54.61) |  < 0.001 |
Total PA: achieved, n (%) | 3365(49.93) | 2705(55.99) | 660(42.84) |  < 0.001 |
OPA: achieved, n (%) | 1941(28.80) | 1555(34.26) | 386(27.25) | 0.003 |
TPA: achieved, n (%) | 730(10.83) | 568(9.69) | 162(8.27) | 0.167 |
LTPA: achieved, n (%) | 1600(23.74) | 1329(28.73) | 271(18.05) |  < 0.001 |