Fig. 4

Tryptophan metabolic reprogramming of tumor cells discerned by OC scRNA-seq data. a Uniform Manifold Approximation and Projection (UMAP) plot revealing 8 clusters by integrating analysis. b Heat map showing marker genes of annotation in major cell clusters with OC and non-OC samples. c KEGG pathway enrichment analysis based on differentially expressed genes in major cell clusters of OC and non-OC ovary samples. d Gene set variation analysis (GSVA) revealing tryptophan metabolism-related genes enriched in major cell clusters of OC and non-OC samples. e UMAP plot showing subclusters of epithelial ovarian cancer cells and normal epithelial ovarian cells with OC and non-OC samples. f KEGG pathway enrichment analysis based on differentially expressed genes in subclusters of epithelial cells. For a–f, all n = 7 OC and n = 5 non-OC samples obtained from GSE184880 dataset were used for analysis