Fig. 3
Enrichment of L-kyn in EVs acquired from OC patients and OC cells. a Representative images of EVs obtained from plasma with non-OC or OC patients by TEM. Scale bar: 100 nm. b Diameter ranges of EVs acquired from plasma with non-OC or OC patients by NanoFCM. c Principal component analysis (PCA) of total metabolite profiles with positive ion mode. d Pie chart depicting metabolite classification in positive ion mode. e Matchstick diagram showing top20 significant fold change of differential metabolites with positive ion mode between OC and non-OC plasma derived-EVs. f KEGG pathway enrichment analysis based on differentially accumulated metabolites with positive ion mode between OC and non-OC plasma derived-EVs. g Violin diagram showing level of L-kyn in plasma and plasma derived-EVs of non-OC and OC patients determined by ELISA (n = 40, two-way ANOVA, *P < 0.05,***P < 0.001). h Level of L-kyn in tissue supernatant and tissue derived-EVs of OC tissues and the corresponding para cancer tissues (n = 4, Mean ± SD, two-way ANOVA, ***P < 0.001). i Level of L-kyn in cell culture supernatant and cell derived-EVs of normal ovarian epithelial cells (IOSE80) and ovarian cancer cells (A2780) (n = 5, Mean ± SD, two-way ANOVA, ***P < 0.001). j Level of L-kyn in the endothelial cells treated with EVs obtained from normal ovarian epithelial cells (IOSE80) and ovarian cancer cells (A2780) (n = 5, Mean ± SD, t-test, ***P < 0.001). For c–f, all n = 6 plasma-derived EVs from patients with OC or non-OC were performed for analysis