Fig. 1

OC cell-derived EVs induced endothelial mitophagy related to tumor angiogenesis and progression in vivo. a Schematic illustration showing EVs isolation and purification process from the culture medium of normal ovarian epithelial cells (IOSE80) and ovarian cancer (OC) cells (A2780, SKOV3). b Representative images of EVs obtained from IOSE80 and A2780 cells by transmission electron microscope (TEM). Scale bar:100 nm. c Diameter ranges of EVs produced from IOSE80 and A2780 cells by NanoFCM. d Schematic diagram of orthotopic OC murine model educated with IOSE80-EVs or A2780-EVs (n = 5). e Representative images of the primary ovary tumor size in orthotopic OC model education with IOSE80-EVs or A2780-EVs. bar = 1 cm. (n = 5, Mean ± SD, t-test, ***P < 0.001). f Numbers of peritoneal metastases validated by HE staining in orthotopic OC model education with IOSE80-EVs or A2780-EVs. Scale bar:50 μm. (n = 5, Mean ± SD, t-test, *P < 0.05). g Immunohistochemistry (IHC) analysis of CD31 expression in primary tumor tissues of the orthotopic OC model education with IOSE80-EVs or A2780-EVs.Scale bar:50 μm. (n = 3, Mean ± SD, t-test, *P < 0.05). h Representative images of LC3, TOMM20and CD31 in primary tumor tissue sections of orthotopic OC model educated with IOSE80-EVs or A2780-EVs by immunofluorescence staining. Scale bar:20 μm