Table 1 Patients’ characteristics and outcomes
Non-severe COVID-19 (n = 93) | Severe COVID-19 (n = 15) | Critical COVID-19 (n = 37) | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Demographics | ||||
Age (years) | 63 [60–69] | 58 [43–69] | 64 [59–77] | 0.1 |
Gender (male) | 46 (49) | 10 (67) | 30 (81) | 0.003 |
Body mass index (BMI) | 27 [23–29] | 25 [13, 22–27] | 29 [25–31] | 0.04 |
Comorbidities | ||||
Hypertension | 41 (44) | 2 (13) | 23 (62) | 0.005 |
Diabetes | 16 (17) | 0 (0) | 10 (27) | 0.02 |
Obesity | 22 (24) | 2 (13) | 14 (41) | 0.1 |
Cardiovascular disease | 14 (15) | 1 (7) | 5 (14) | 0.8 |
Chronic respiratory disease | 5 (5) | 5 (33) | 9 (24) | 0.0008 |
Stage 3 chronic kidney disease | 0 (0) | 1 (7) | 5 (14) | 0.002 |
I mmunosuppressive treatments | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 1 (3) | 0.04 |
Solid tumors or hematological malignancies | 4 (4) | 0 (0) | 1 (3) | 0.7 |
Inclusion characteristics | ||||
Symptoms to inclusion time | 0 [0–1] | 2 [1, 2] | 7 [3–9] | < 0.0001 |
Temperature at inclusion (°) | 36.8 [36.3–37.7] | 37.3 [36.7–38.1] | 37.7 [37–38.4] | 0.0002 |
SOFA score | NA | 1 [1, 2] | 3 [2–4] | 0.001 |
IGS II score | NA | 15 [9–22] | 30 [27–32] | < 0.0001 |
CRP (mg/L) | 7 [4–14] | 52 [33–140] | 134 [75–215] | < 0.0001 |
Platelets(G/L) | 207 [171–237] | 302 [191–340] | 250 [202–338] | 0.0002 |
Neutrophils (/mm3) | 2.6 [2.1–3.5] | 4.6 [2.1–3.5] | 6.5 [4.5–10.4] | < 0.0001 |
Lymphocytes (/mm3) | 1.4 [1–1.8] | 0.8 [0.7–2.1] | 0.6 [0.4–0.8] | < 0.0001 |
Neutrophils/Lymphocytes ratio | 2 [1.4–2.8] | 2.4 [1.7–7.1] | 11.0 [6.9–22.4] | < 0.0001 |
Platelets/Lymphocytes ratio | 158 [110–205] | 219 [149–442] | 402 [252–570] | < 0.0001 |
PaO2/FiO2 ratio | NA | 270 [236–306] | 157 [113–198] | 0.004 |
ROX index | NA | 16 [12–20] | 7 [5–9] | < 0.0001 |
Percentage of lung injurya | NA | < 0.0001 | ||
10–25% | 8 (62) | 5 (16) | ||
25–50% | 4 (31) | 13 (42) | ||
50–75% | 1 (8) | 10 (32) | ||
75–100% | 0 (0) | 3 (10) | ||
Specific CoVID-19 treatment | ||||
Corticosteroids | 0 [0–0] | 8 (53) | 37 (100) | < 0.0001 |
Tocilizumab | 0 [0–0] | 1 (7) | 8 (22) | < 0.0001 |
Respiratory support | ||||
Standard oxygen therapy | 0 (0) | 15 (100) | 0 (0) | < 0.0001 |
High flow nasal oxygen | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 30 (81) | < 0.0001 |
Invasive ventilation | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 7 (19) | < 0.0001 |
Prone ventilation | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 7 (19) | < 0.0001 |
Anticoagulation therapy | ||||
Prophylactic anticoagulation | 0 [0–0] | 9 (60) | 13 (31) | < 0.0001 |
Therapeutic anticoagulation | 0 [0–0] | 6 (40) | 24 (69) | < 0.0001 |
Outcomes | ||||
Thrombotic event | 0 [0–0] | 0 (0) | 3 (8) | 0.01 |
Sepsis occurrence | 0 [0–0] | 2 (13) | 15 (41) | < 0.0001 |
Length of stay in the ICU | NA | 0 [0–0] | 8 [6–16] | < 0.0001 |
Length of stay in the hospital | NA | 9 [5–10] | 19 [11–24] | < 0.0001 |
Mortality | 2 (2) | 0 (0) | 5 (14) | 0.02 |