Fig. 4

Defective dendritic cells and plasmacytoid dendritic cells in severe COVID-19 patients. A, B Violin plot displaying normalized gene expression levels of DNASE1 (A) and DNASE1L3 (B) in blood cells from healthy donors (n = 24) (data analysis from Stephenson E. and al (19)). Means are indicated on the right. C–F Compound Poisson-Gamma model adjusted for age, sex and BMI compared the count of CD123 + pDCs (C), CD11c + DCs (D), CD141 + cDC1 (E), and CD1c + cDC2 (F) between severe (n = 27) and critical (n = 37) patients. Results are expressed as frequency of alive lineage negative cells. The horizontal line defines median value. (G) Violin plot showing DNASE1L3 normalized gene expression in pDC from healthy donor (n = 24), non-severe (n = 25), severe (n = 15) and critical (n = 16) COVID-19 patient (data analysis from Stephenson et al. [19]). Statistical analyses were conducted using the Kruskal–Wallis test with Dunn’s multiple comparisons