Fig. 1

Plasma NETs markers correlate with COVID 19 clinical severity, biological markers of disease severity and predict hospitalization in non-severe patients. A–C We compared three NET biomarkers, MPO-DNA (A), H3cit (B), and H3cit-DNA complexes (C) between non-severe (oupatients) (n = 93), severe (without needs of oxygen therapy or with standard oxygen therapy) (n = 15) and critical COVID-19 patients (with high flow nasal oxygen, invasive intubation or prone ventilation) (n = 37). Results are expressed as fold change compared to healthy donors (n = 21). Statistical evaluation was performed using a Compound Poisson-Gamma model adjusted for age, sex and BMI. D–I Spearman correlation between three NET biomarkers, MPO-DNA (D, G), H3cit (E, H), and H3cit-DNA complexes (F, I) and two biological disease severity markers, i.e. CRP (D–F) and neutrophils/lymphocytes ratios (G–I) across all COVID-19 patients (n = 145). Statistical analysis are adjusted for age, gender and BMI, after log transformation of CRP variable. J–K Receiver-operating characteristic curve for prediction of hospitalization in COVID-19 outpatients using MPO–DNA, H3cit and H3cit-DNA complexes levels (J)