Fig. 2

Network-based integrated analysis of DEGs. a The top network cluster was calculated using the MCODE app in Cytoscape. The red circle represents upregulated DEGs, while the blue circle indicates downregulated DEGs. b Hallmark gene set enrichment analysis of upregulated DEGs in the upper network cluster. c Overlap of hub genes predicted by the MNC, MCC, and Degree methods via the CytoHubba app. d, e The network shows the KEGG enrichment (d) and hallmark gene set enrichment (e), along with the genes associated with the overlapping hub genes in c. f Protein levels of E-cadherin and Vimentin in the high-glucose group compared with those in the control group. β-actin served as the protein loading control. g Immunostaining of Vimentin in HMrSV5 cells cultured in high-glucose medium versus control culture medium