Fig. 4

Effects of TS supplementation on the diversity and composition of gut microbiota. A The α-diversity of gut microbiota was determined using Simpson index; B the α-diversity of gut microbiota was determined using Chao1 index; C unweighted UniFrac-based principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) based on the OTU levels; D the flora composition of mice at the phylum level (Additional file 1: Table S1); E the flora composition of mice at the genus level (Additional file 2: Table S2); F correlation heatmap analysis using the Spearman correlation coefficient to determine the relationship between intestinal bacteria and the severity of Colon length, DAI score, Histopathology score, IL-β, IL-6, TNF-α, Occludin, and Cluadin-3. The data are expressed as the mean ± standard deviation. ns, not significant; p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001. (Control, DSS: dextran sodium sulfate; SC-5: Lactobacillus plantarum SC-5; TY: tyrosol; TS: Lactobacillus plantarum SC-5 and tyrosol)