Table 10 Non-pharmacological interventions recommended by the included CPGs for PAD
Intervention types | Recommended self-managed non-pharmacological interventions | COR/LOE | Grading system used | Guidelines |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Smoking Cessation | Quit smoking cigarettes and other forms of tobacco | I/A | ACC/AHA Clinical Practice Guideline Recommendation Classification System (Updated August 2015) | AHA/ACC PAD (2016) |
Smoking Cessation | Minimize contact with secondhand smoke in the environment | I/B-NR | ACC/AHA Clinical Practice Guideline Recommendation Classification System (Updated August 2015) | AHA/ACC PAD (2016) |
Smoking Cessation | Smoking cessation | I/B | ESC Guidelines Classification Scheme | ESC PAD (2017) |
Smoking Cessation | Quitting smoking and refraining from using other smoke-inhaled substances, e.g., cannabis | I/A | Systematology on the recommendations of the European Society of Cardiology and the European Society for Vascular Surgery | ESVM PAD (2019) |
Smoking Cessation | E-cigarettes may be considered as an aid for smoking cessation. | IIa/C | Systematology on the recommendations of the European Society of Cardiology and the European Society for Vascular Surgery | ESVM PAD (2019) |
Physical activity | Structured home-based or community- program with behavioral change techniques. Form: NR Duration/Frequency: NR | IIa/A | ACC/AHA Clinical Practice Guideline Recommendation Classification System (Updated August 2015) | AHA/ACC PAD (2016) |
Physical activity | For patients with claudication Form: alternative approaches of exercise programs, such as cycling, and pain-free or low-intensity walking Duration/Frequency: NR | IIa/A | ACC/AHA Clinical Practice Guideline Recommendation Classification System (Updated August 2015) | AHA/ACC PAD (2016) |
Physical activity | Physical activity Form: NR Duration/Frequency: NR | I/C | ESC Guidelines Classification Scheme | ESC PAD (2017) |
Physical activity | Regular physical activity Form: NR Duration/Frequency: NR | I/C | Systematology on the recommendations of the European Society of Cardiologyand the European Society for Vascular Surgery | ESVM PAD (2019) |
Diet | Healthy diet | I/C | ESC Guidelines Classification Scheme | ESC PAD (2017) |
Weight management | Weight reduction in overweight patients | I/C | systematology on the recommendations of the European Society of Cardiology and the European Society for Vascular Surgery | ESVM PAD (2019) |