Inhibitor of PD-1/PD-L1: a new approach may be beneficial for the treatment of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis

Table 2 Summary of clinical studies of PD-1/PD-L1 in mice specimens

Reference setting	PD-1/PD-L1	Exposure	Sample	Cell type	Method	Expression change
Celada [67]	PD-1	Bleomycin	Lung	CD4⁺ T cells	FCM	Upregulation
Guo [23]	PD-L1	Bleomycin	Lung	Fibroblasts	IF	Upregulation
Cui [76]	PD-L1	Bleomycin	Lung	Fibroblasts	Mass cytometry IF/FCM	Upregulation
		Primary human fibrotic lung fibroblast engraftation	Lung	Fibroblasts	Mass cytometry IF/FCM	Upregulation
	PD-1	Bleomycin	Lung	CD8⁺ T cells	Mass cytometry	Upregulation
Li [74]	PD-L1	Bleomycin paraquat	Lung Lung		IHC/WB IHC/WB	Upregulation Upregulation
Geng [21]	PD-L1	CD274^high and CD274^low IPF lung normal fibroblasts injection	Lung	Fibroblasts	PCR RNA-seq	Upregulation
Lu [77]	PD-L1	Bleomycin	Lung	Fibroblasts	WB/IHC	Upregulation
Wang [78]	PD-1	Bleomycin	Lung	/	IHC	Upregulation
Wang [78]	PD-1	Bleomycin	Peripheral blood	CD4⁺ T cells	FCM	Upregulation
Zhao [83]	PD-1	Silica	Lung	/	WB/IHC FCM/PCR	Upregulation
Zhao [83]	PD-L1	Silica	Lung	/	WB/IHC FCM/PCR	Upregulation

PD-1 programmed cell death 1, PD-L1 programmed death-ligand 1, IF immunofluorescence, FCM flow cytometry, IHC immunohistochemistry, WB Western blot, PCR polymerase chain reaction, RNA-seq RNA sequencing

ISSN: 1479-5876