Fig. 1

Influence of ER stress on DEL-1 expression in the skeletal muscle of AMD models. A RNA-seq analysis depicting DEL-1 mRNA expression in myocytes of young (n = 19) and old (n = 25) human subjects, along with the correlation between DEL-1 mRNA expression and age. B RNA-seq analysis illustrating CHOP mRNA expression in choroidal neovascular membranes of healthy subjects (n = 3) and patients with AMD (n = 3). C ELISA results showing DEL-1 levels in the culture medium of C2C12 myocytes treated with tunicamycin (0–10 μg/mL) for 24 h. D Cell viability assay outcomes in C2C12 myocytes treated with tunicamycin (0–10 μg/mL) for 24 h. Means ± SDs were calculated from at least three independent experiments in in vitro and clinical models. *P < 0.05 compared with young, healthy, or control