Fig. 3

The predicted epidemics from August 2023 to December 2025 under the ARFIMA considering the effects of the COVID-19 outbreak. a Prediction for the HFRS incidence series, b prediction for the rabies incidence series, c prediction for the DF incidence series, d prediction for the HB incidence series, e prediction for the leptospirosis incidence series, f prediction for the malaria incidence series, and g prediction for the schistosomiasis incidence series. As shown, the predicted trends remained at a relative plateau for HFRS, rabies, DF, leptospirosis, malaria, and schistosomiasis except for HB which predicted a decline