Fig. 3

Arginase and hemolysis markers in EHEC-infected mice. A Plasma arginase 1 levels in mice inoculated with E. coli O157:H7 (n = 10, three samples not analyzed; median 222 ng/mL) and PBS vehicle controls (n = 7; one sample not analyzed; median 12.4 ng/mL). B Plasma arginase activity in mice inoculated with E. coli O157:H7 (n = 10, three samples not analyzed, median 136 µmol urea per L and minute) and PBS controls (n = 8, median 26.1 µmol urea per L and minute). C Plasma lactate dehydrogenase activity in mice inoculated with E. coli O157:H7 (n = 10, three samples not analyzed, median 31.4 µkat/L) and PBS controls (n = 8, median 11.7 µkat/L). D Alpha-1-microglobulin levels in plasma of mice inoculated with E. coli O157:H7 (n = 10, three samples not analyzed; median 12.2 µg/mL) and PBS controls (n = 8; median 4.48 µg/mL). E Correlation between arginase 1 levels and lactate dehydrogenase activity in plasma from mice infected with E. coli O157:H7 or vehicle controls (n = 17). F Correlation between alpha-1-microglobulin and arginase 1 levels in plasma from mice infected with E. coli O157:H7 or vehicle controls (n = 17). G Plasma alpha-1-microglobulin levels correlated with plasma lactate dehydrogenase activity in mice infected with E. coli O157:H7 or vehicle controls (n = 18). H Kidney section from a control mouse labeled with alpha-1-microglobulin antibody (green) and DAPI nuclear staining (blue). Arrowhead points to granular pattern of distribution on the luminal side of tubular cells (arrowhead). I Kidney section from a mouse infected with E. coli O157:H7, showing deposition at the luminal surface and stronger cytoplasmic staining of tubular cells (arrowhead). Scale bar: 100 µm. Comparisons performed using Mann–Whitney U test (panels A-D) or simple linear regression (panels E–G). Bars in panels A-D denote medians. A1M Alpha-1-microglobulin, DAPI 4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole, EHEC Enterohemorrhagic E. coli, LDH activity Lactate dehydrogenase activity, PBS phosphate-buffered saline