Fig. 1

Arginase levels in pediatric patients with EHEC-HUS. Blood samples from pediatric patients with acute enterohemorrhagic E. coli-associated hemolytic uremic syndrome (EHEC-HUS) at admission or during remission and from non-HUS pediatric controls were analyzed for arginase 1 levels and activity. A Plasma arginase 1 was elevated in acute EHEC-HUS (first cohort, n = 23, median 18.7 ng/mL; one sample not analyzed due to small volume) compared to remission (n = 12, median 2.62 ng/mL) and pediatric controls (n = 8, median 5.73 ng/mL). B Arginase activity in the same patients (n = 24) and controls as in A. C Plasma arginase 1 in patients with acute EHEC-HUS who required peritoneal dialysis (n = 15, median 27.9 ng/mL) compared to those that did not (n = 8, median 12.7 ng/mL; one sample not analyzed due to small volume). D Plasma arginase activity in patients with acute EHEC-HUS who required peritoneal dialysis (n = 15, median 5.25 µmol urea per L and minute) compared with those that did not (n = 9, median 2.85 µmol urea per L and minute). E Serum arginase 1 in the Philadelphia cohort of pediatric patients with acute EHEC-HUS (n = 23, median 47.1 ng/mL) and controls (n = 26, median 10.4 ng/mL). F Plasma arginase 1 correlated with the hemolysis biomarker lactate dehydrogenase activity in pediatric patients with acute EHEC-HUS (Lund cohort, n = 22; lactate dehydrogenase activity data lacking in one patient and arginase 1 level not analyzed in one patient). G Alpha-1-microglobulin plasma levels during acute EHEC-HUS (n = 21, Lund cohort, median 30.7 µg/mL; three samples not analyzed due to small volume), at remission (n = 11, median 15.7 µg/mL) and in pediatric controls (n = 8, median 11.3 µg/mL). Bars denote medians. Comparisons performed using Kruskal–Wallis test followed by Dunn’s multiple comparisons test (panels A, B and G), Mann–Whitney U test (panels C-E), or simple linear regression (panel F). For detailed statistics see Additional File 1. A1M Alpha-1-microglobulin, EHEC-HUS Enterohemorrhagic E. coli-associated hemolytic uremic syndrome, LDH activity Lactate dehydrogenase activity, PD Peritoneal dialysis