Fig. 3

Distinguishing between cell types and cell states. A. Displaying the beginnings and endings of pseudo-time trajectories. The colors from dark to light represent the order of pseudo-time. B. Trajectory of cell differentiation showing five cell states. C. Differentiation trajectory showing the transformation of epithelial cells into tumor cells. D. Differentiation trajectories showing the positions of the 15 clusters. E. Differentiation trajectories demonstrating dynamic expression of the tumor marker genes CA9 and NDUFA4L2. F. Dot plots illustrating the dynamic expression of the tumor marker genes CA9 and NDUFA4L2 in cell fate 1 and cell fate 2. G. Heatmap depicting the highly expressed T0P10 genes in tumor cells and epithelial cells. H. UMAP plot of final annotated cell types