Fig. 1

Increased metastasis tendency in UTUC within Asian populations and differential gene enrichment analysis in UTUC. A Metastasis rates of UTUC and BC in different populations according to the SEER database. B Identification of differential genes between UTUC and adjacent normal tissue. Genes that appear two or more times within the differentially expressed genes across three datasets are selected as candidate genes. C KEGG pathway enrichment analysis of differential genes. D Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analysis of differential genes. E–F Immune infiltration analysis of differential genes in UTUC. (p > 0.05 as ns, p ≤ 0.05 as *, p ≤ 0.01 as **, p ≤ 0.001 as ***)