Fig. 3

A schematic diagram summarizes the potential direct effects of cardiovascular disease on tumor growth and metastasis. An MI model was shown to promote colon, lung, breast cancer growth and metastasis of breast cancer, with potential cardiokines including SerpinA3, mi-RNAs, and immune cell reprogramming. Cardiac hypertrophy was demonstrated to enhance the growth and metastasis of lung and breast cancer through potential cardiokines, including periostin. Figure created with BioRender.com