Fig. 14

a, c, e. Differences in EGR4 and p-AMPK expression in Müller glia after different treatments.Compound C inhibited p-AMPK and down-regulated EGR4, on the contrary,downregulation of EGR4 did not have an effect on p-AMPK expression. b, d, f. Strips quantified using Image J software. Results are shown as mean ± standard deviation, *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01. g, h. Total intracellular ROS and mtROS were measured using DCFH-DA probes and MitoSOX probes in Müller by flow cytometry. EGR4 may act both in the nucleus and mitochondria, effectively reduced oxidative stress and protected cellular functions. Results are shown as mean ± standard deviation, *p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01. EGR4, early growth response factor 4 AMPK, 5ʹ-adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase