Fig. 4

Melatonin attenuates CAR T cell-induced crs and enhances overall survival in mouse model. A Mouse model of CAR T cell-induced cytokine release syndrome (CRS) using SCID-beige mice. B Kaplan–Meier survival curve showing significantly prolonged overall survival (OS) in mice (N = 10) treated with the combination of CD19 CAR-T cells and melatonin compared to those receiving CD19 CAR-T cells alone. C Comparison of weight loss between melatonin-treated group and control group (N = 6). D–F Evaluation of serum cytokines on day 4 revealed a significant reduction in melatonin-treated mice (N = 6). G Investigation of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) activity in macrophages during CRS. Data are representative of 2 independent experiments. *P < 0.05; **P < 0.01; ***P < 0.001