Fig. 4

a, b Effect of omentin-1 and FFA co-treatment on the mRNA expression and supernatant release of TNF-α in VAT explants. c Effect of omentin-1 treatment on the NF-κB mRNA expression in VAT explants. d, e Effect of omentin-1 treatment on ER stress markers BiP and CHOP in VAT explants. f–i Effects of omentin-1 treatment on the production of ROS in VAT explants. Values presented are the mean ± SD of three biological replicates. GSH and GSSG contents were normalized by the total proteins present in the cell lysates (µg) assessed using BCA. Values presented are the mean ± SD of three patients. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001, ****p < 0.0001