Fig. 6

PepN-pretreatment shapes the anti-inflammatory property of macrophages during their maturation. a PepN (10 μg/mL) was supplied during and after the maturation of BMDM using HDM (1 μg/mL). b, c Oxygen consumption rate (b) and extracellular acidification rate (c) of BMDM (n = 3). d Mitochondrial morphology (Mito Tracker) and mt-ROS (Mito SOX) generation analysis of BMDM. Scale bars, 25 μm. e mRNA expression of mitochondrial electron transport-related genes Uqcrq and Cox7c in BMDM. f ELISA of cytokines in BMDM supernatants (n = 3–6). g p-AMPK and PD-L1 levels in BMDM. h Experimental design of PepN-pretreatment BMDM adoptive transfer asthma model in BALB/c mice. i Total inflammatory cell numbers and differential cell counts in BALF (n = 4–5). j Microscopic images of stained lung tissue sections of mice (200 × magnification). k ELISA of Th2 cytokines and TNF-α, IL-6 in lung homogenate (n = 4–5). Statistical analysis by one-way ANOVA with Tukey’s multiple-comparison test (e, f) or a two-tailed Student’s t test (i, k). Data representative images from 3 experiments (f). Data are represented as mean ± SD (b, c, e, f, i and k). ns, not significant