Fig. 2

PepN-pretreatment attenuates airway inflammation via F4/80⁺CD11c^high macrophages. a Experimental design using BALB/c mice pretreated with PepN (50 μg) and PBS, HDM, 50 μl clodronate liposomes (CL) as indicated. b Flow cytometry analysis of % macrophages (F4/80⁺CD11c^high/int/−) in lungs of mice intranasally treated with clodronate liposomes (n = 4–5). c Microscopic images of stained lung tissue sections from mice as indicated (200 × magnification). d ELISA of Th2 cytokines in lung homogenates (n = 5–8). e Experimental design of adoptive transfer (AT) experiments using HDM-treated BALB/c recipient mice given FACS-sorted PepN-pretreatment CD11c^high macrophages (1.25 × 10⁵/mice) on day 6 following sensitization. f, g Total inflammatory cells (f) and differential cell counts (g) in BALF (n = 3–6). h Microscopic images of stained lung tissue sections of mice as indicated (200 × magnification). i ELISA of cytokines in lung homogenates (n = 4–6). Statistical analysis by a two-tailed student’s t test (b, d), one-way ANOVA with Tukey’s multiple-comparison test (f, g and i). Data are represented as mean ± SD (b, d, f, g and i). ns, not significant