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Table 2 Bias risk of included studies

From: Noninvasive electrical stimulation as a neuroprotective strategy in retinal diseases: a systematic review of preclinical studies

Study/Bias

Selection bias

Performance Bias

Detection Bias

Attrition Bias

Reporting Bias

Other Bias

Quality score(“YES” items)

Sequence generation

Baseline characteristics

Allocation concealment

Random Housing

Blinding

Random Outcome Assessment

Blinding

Incomplete Outcome Data

Selective Outcome Reporting

Other sources of Bias

Takeshi Morimoto, 2007 (Japan)

NO

NC

NC

YES

YES

NC

YES

YES

YES

NO

5

Adam M.Hanif, 2016 (USA)

NC

YES

NC

YES

YES

NC

YES

YES

YES

YES

7

Feng Liu, 2022 (China)

NC

NC

NC

YES

YES

NC

YES

YES

YES

YES

6

Ying-qin Ni, 2009 (China)

NC

YES

NC

YES

YES

NC

YES

YES

YES

YES

7

Takeshi Morimoto, 2012 (Japan)

NO

NC

NC

YES

YES

NC

YES

YES

YES

NO

5

Andreas Schatz, 2012 (Germany, Switzerland, Brazil)

NO

YES

NC

YES

YES

NC

YES

YES

YES

YES

7

Tao Ye, 2016 (China)

NC

YES

NC

YES

YES

NC

YES

YES

YES

YES

7

Honghua Yu, 2020 (USA, Norway, China, Netherlands)

NC

YES

NC

YES

YES

YES

YES

YES

YES

NO

7

Stephen K. Agadagba, 2022 (China, Egypt)

NO

YES

NC

NC

NC

NC

YES

YES

YES

YES

5

Xin Wang, 2011 (China)

NC

YES

NC

NC

NC

NC

YES

YES

YES

YES

5

Lin Fu, 2018 (China)

NO

NC

NC

YES

YES

NC

YES

YES

YES

YES

6

Assraa Hassan Jassim, 2021 (USA)

NC

YES

NC

YES

YES

YES

YES

YES

YES

YES

8

Ken-Ichiro Miyake, 2007 (Japan)

NO

YES

NC

NC

NC

NC

YES

YES

YES

YES

5

Yuichi Tagami, 2009 (Japan)

NO

YES

NC

NC

NC

NC

YES

YES

YES

YES

5

Petra Henrich-Noack, 2013 (Germany)

NO

YES

NC

YES

YES

NC

YES

YES

YES

YES

7

Petra Henrich-Noack, 2013 (Germany)

NC

YES

NC

YES

YES

NC

YES

YES

YES

YES

7

Petra Henrich-Noack, 2017 (Germany,China, USA)

NC

YES

NC

YES

YES

NC

YES

YES

YES

YES

7

Takeshi Morimoto, 2005 (Japan)

NO

YES

NC

NC

NC

NC

YES

YES

YES

YES

5

Takeshi Morimoto, 2010 (Japan)

NO

YES

NC

NC

NC

NC

YES

YES

YES

YES

5

Houmin Yin, 2016 (China)

NC

YES

NC

YES

YES

NC

YES

YES

YES

YES

7

Takako Osako, 2013 (Japan)

NC

YES

NC

NC

NC

NC

YES

YES

YES

YES

5

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Journal of Translational Medicine

ISSN: 1479-5876

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