Fig. 4

Analysis of jejunal microbiome in broiler chickens with subclinical or clinical NE based on 16S amplicon sequencing. A Depicts the relative abundance distribution at the phylum level. B Illustrates the relative abundance distribution at the family level. C Demonstrates the relative abundance distribution at the genus level. D Presents a principal component analysis biplot (n = 8/group) that visually captures the distances and relationships among three distinct groups: C1–C8 (healthy birds), SB1–SB8 (subclinical NE), and CL1–CL8 (clinical NE). Within this biplot, "Loadings" signify the weights of each original variable, while “PC scores” represent the linear combinations of the variables in the dataset