The characteristics and the multiple functions of integrin β1 in human cancers

Table 1 Signaling pathways mediated by integrin β1 with distinct α subunits

Receptor type	Receptor	Ligand	Signaling pathway	Function	References
RGD receptors	α5β1	N/A	FAK – p53	Promote cancer growth and metastasis	[8]
	α8β1	N/A	CXCR4	Enhance cancer cells migration and invasion	[9]
	αvβ1	Tenascin-C	TGF-β – SMAD2/3	Contribute to the stiffer stromal formation	[10]
Leukocyte-specific receptors	α4β1	VCAM-1	AKT/MAPK/NF-κB	Decrease cancer cells apoptosis	[11]
	α9β1	N/A	FAK – Src-Rac1 – RhoA	Suppress cancer cells migration and invasiveness	[12]
	α9β1	N/A	ILK – PKA – GSK3	Promote cancer growth and metastasis	[13]
Laminin-binding receptors	α6β1	Laminin	PI3K/NF-κB	Drive cancer cells survival	[14]
	α3β1	CD151	FAK/src – STAT3/AKT	Promote carcinogenesis	[15]
	α7β1	N/A	FAK – MAPK – ERK	Enhance stem cell properties	[16]
Collagen-binding receptors	α10β1	HU177 cryptic collagen epitope	FGF-2 – ERK	Promote tumor growth	[17]
	α10β1	Collagen II	TRIO – RAC –RICTOR – mTOR	Promote cancer cells survival	[18]
	α1β1	Collagen V	ERK1/2	Enhance cancer cells invasion	[19]
	α1β1	Collagen I	FAK/Src and p130Cas/JNK	Enhance cancer cells invasion	[20]
	α2β1	Collagen I	JAK – STAT3	Strengthen cancer cells proliferation and tumorigenesis	[21]
	α11β1	N/A	Src – YAP1	Promote tumor growth	[22]

ISSN: 1479-5876