Fig. 4

DMF suppresses the development of epilepsy after SE. A Representative seizures from two animals after KA-SE treated with either vehicle (red) or DMF (blue), scale bar, 10  s, and 0.5 mV. B Seizure frequency (per week, mean ± SEM) for animals treated with vehicle (n = 10 animals) or DMF (200 mg/kg/day for 7 days starting post-SE; n = 10 animals). Data were analyzed using a generalized log-linear mixed model followed by the Sidak post-hoc test. Time effect: P < 0.0001, F (13, 234) = 16.33; Treatment effect: P = 0.001, F (1, 18) = 15.00, Treatment × Time interaction effect: P < 0.0001, F (13, 234) = 6.228. * < 0.05, ** < 0.01 for comparison between groups in each time point. C Cumulative absolute number of seizures in animals in B. P = 0.0011, Student’s unpaired t-test. D Kaplan-Meier curve for the seizure-free effect of vehicle- or DMF-treated animals. E Latency period (days after SE until emergence of the 1st seizure) in vehicle- or DMF-treated animals. P = 0.0221, Student’s unpaired t-test