Fig. 2

DMF increases the mRNA expression of Nrf2 downstream genes after KA-SE. Relative gene expression of Nrf2 downstream genes NQO1, HO-1, and GCLC-1, in the cortex (A–C) and the hippocampus (D–F) of control rats (n = 6), and rats after kainic acid-induced SE (KA-SE) treated with either vehicle (n = 6) or DMF (ip 200 mg/kg/day, 7 days, n = 6). Gene expression was normalized to GAPDH expression and is presented as fold-change compared to the level in sham rats. Data are reported as mean ± SEM. *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001 after one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s posthoc test