Fig. 7

T-MSCs-Exo alleviate oxidative stress injury in PD models through Keap1-Nrf2-SOD. a Representative graphs of ROS generation after T-MSCs-Exo treatment of control or MPP⁺-induced MN9D cells. Scale bars, 20 µm. b, d–h Western blotting analysis of Keap1, Nrf2, HO-1, SOD-1, and SOD-2 expression levels after T-MSCs-Exo treatment of control or MPP⁺-induced MN9D cells. c Quantification of the relative fluorescence intensity of ROS levels. i, j Representative blots and quantification showed the levels of nuclear Nrf2 in MN9D cells. k, l Immunofluorescence staining and quantification of Nrf2 in the control, T-MSCs-Exo, MPP⁺, and MPP⁺ + T-MSCs-Exo groups. m-r Western blotting analysis of Keap1, Nrf2, HO-1, SOD-1, and SOD-2 expression levels after T-MSCs-Exo treatment of control or MPTP-induced PD mouse model (n = 3 per group). Scale bars, upper, 10 µm; lower, 5 µm. Each experiment was independently repeated three times. The results are shown as mean ± SD. One-way ANOVA was used to analyze the data. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01