Table 5 Patient-derived primary tumor meningioma models in vivo

Orthotopic models

 Benign/WHO-Grade 1

Nu/nu [119], Rag2SCID [25], athymic nu/nu [24],

4–5 [26, 119], 6 [24], 12–16 [25]

(10⁵) [25], (10⁶) [24, 26, 119] /

(2) [25], (10) [24, 26, 119]

CC 21 [24], 42 [24], 56 [24], 90 [26, 119]

NA [25]

100% (34/34) [119], 93% (27/29) [26], 69% (56/81) [24],

0% (0/30) [25]

Histology [24, 26, 119] IHC [24, 26, 119]

–

4 [24,25,26, 119]

^a [25, 26, 119]

 Atypical/WHO-Grade 2

Rag2SCID [25], athymic nu/nu [24]

6 [24], 12–16 [25]

(10⁵) [25], (10⁶) [24] /

(2) [25], (10) [24]

CC 14 [24], 21 [24], 28 [24], 360 [25]

SS (240) [25]

100% (58/58) [24, 25], 70% (7/10) [25], 0% (0/70) [25]

Histology [24, 25], IHC [25], RNA sequence [25]

MRI [25]

2 [24, 25]

^a [25]

 Malignant/WHO-grade 3

Rag2SCID [25], BALB/c-nu [121], athymic nu/nu [24]

6 [24], 12–16 [25], ND [121]

(10²) [121], (10³) [121], (10⁴) [121], (10⁵) [25, 121], (10⁶) [24, 121] /

(2) [25], (10) [24, 121]

CC 4 [24], 8 [24], 12 [24], 360 [25]

SS (160) [25]

ND [121]

100% (12/12) [121], 90% (9/10) [25], 86% (6/7) [121], 67% (4/6) [121], 25% (1/4) [25]

0% (0/38) [25, 121], ND [24]

Histology [24, 25, 121], IHC [24, 25, 121], RNA sequence [25]

MRI [25]

3 [24, 25, 121]

^a [25]

 Unknown/uncertain

Nu/nu [116]

6 [116]

(10⁶) [116]/(2) [116]

CC (90) [116]

90% (18/20) [116]

–

MRI [116]

1 [116]

Heterotopic models

 Benign/WHO-grade 1

CD1 [20, 72, 73], nude [120], C57B1/6 J-nu [122], CD1 athymic BALB/c [123], Swiss nu/nu/Ncr [124], BALB/c-nu [106, 126, 128]

2 [123], 3 [20, 72, 73], 4 [126], 6 [106], 8–10 [124], ND [120, 122, 128]

(10⁵) [20], (10⁶) [73, 123], (1.5 × 10⁶) [124], (1.7 × 10⁶) [20], (5 × 10⁶) [72], (10⁷) [120, 122], (1.1 × 10⁷) [20], (1.6 × 10⁷) [20], (5 × 10⁷) [126]/(10) [126], (100–150) [72], (500) [20, 123], (800)[124], WT[106, 122, 128], SR[106, 126], IV-ND[106, 120, 122]

CC 28 [126], 35 [20], 43 [72], 51 [20], 56 [106, 124], 84[120], 90 [128], 96 [20], 150 [73, 123], 180 [122], 270 [122], 330 [122]

100% (199/199) [72, 106, 123, 124, 126, 128],

85% (17/20) [120],

76% (35/46) [122],

75% (15/20) [20],

ND [73]

Histology [20, 72, 73, 122, 123, 126]

IHC [20, 72, 73, 120, 122, 123]

Measured surgicals [106]

Caliper [120, 122,123,124, 128]

10 [20, 72, 73, 106, 120, 122,123,124, 126, 128]

 Atypical/WHO-Grade 2

C57B1/6 J-nu [122], Swiss nu/nu/Ncr [124]

8–10 [124], ND [122]

(1.5 × 10⁶) [124], (10⁷) [122], WT [122]/IV-ND [122]

CC 56 [124], 180 [122]

100% (8/8) [124]

33% (4/12) [122]

Histology [122]

IHC [122]

Caliper [122, 124]

2 [122, 124]

 Malignant/WHO-Grade 3

BALB/c-nu [106, 118, 121, 129], Swiss nu/nu/Ncr [124]

4–5 [118], 6–10 [106, 124, 129], ND [121]

(10⁴) [121], (10⁵) [121], (10⁶) [118, 121], (1.5 × 10⁶) [124], (2 × 10⁶) [129]/(1000) [121], (250) [118], WT [106], SR [106, 129], IV-ND [129]

CC 30 [118], 35 [106], 42 [129], 56 [124], ND [121]

100% (43/43) [106, 118, 124], 67% (4/6) [121], 60% (3/5) [121], 50% (3/6) [121], ND [129]

Histology [118, 121]

IHC [118, 121]

Measured surgically [106, 129]

Caliper [118, 121, 124]

5 [106, 118, 121, 124, 129]

 Unknown/uncertain

BALB/c-nu [117, 125], CD1 [127]

3 [125], 6–10 [117], ND [127]

(5 × 10⁶–10⁷) [127], WT [117, 125, 127], SR [117, 127], SG [125]

CC 28 [117], 30 [125]

ND [127]

100% (78/78) [117, 125], 83% (?/?) [127], 75% (?/?) [127]

Histology [125, 127]

Electron microscopy [125]

Caliper-PM [117]

3 [117, 125, 127]

^a[127]